Effects of high-fat diet on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of respiratory tract through the glyoxylic acid cycle of pulmonary microbes and the intervention of saturated hydrogen

Abstract

Background High fat diet is extensively studied to be associated with trending metabolic diseases. In addition to type 2 diabetes and hypertension, high fat diet is strongly associated with asthma and other respiratory diseases among children however, the pathogenicity regarding these pulmonary diseases begs for extensive research. This study investigated the mechanism of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of respiratory tract, induced by changes in lung microecology with the intake of high-fat diet. 80 five-week-old C57BL6/J male mice were randomly divided into normal control group, normal hydrogen group, high-fat group and high-fat hydrogen group, making 20 mice in each group. The weight of the mice were measured on weekly basis. 6 mice from each group were executed at every second week. Blood sample was collected for lipid testing, lung tissues were collected for 16SrRNA gene sequencing, HE staining, immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).Results Compared with the normal diet group, mice on the high-fat diet group showed increased inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased expression of e-cadherin (E-cad) and increased expression of Twist. There were significant differences in the composition of bacteria in the lung, and the expression of isocitrate lyase (ICL) gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii , which were significantly associated with asthma were seen with a significant increasing trend. After the treatment of saturated hydrogen, the changes in lung microbial population, lung tissue infiltration of inflammatory cells and the transformation of epithelial stroma caused by high-fat diet were moderately alleviated.Conclusion High fat diet can affect the process of airway epithelial stroma by altering the glyoxylate cycle of pulmonary microbes while the pathological process are alleviated by saturated hydrogen by acting on glyoxylate cycle.

Lung–brain axis: Metabolomics and pathological changes in lungs and brain of respiratory syncytial virus‐infected mice

“…Importantly, RSV mRNA has been detected in CSF samples of patients with neurological alterations, suggesting that RSV can reach the CNS 23–25 . One possible mechanism for RSV entry is anterograde transport via olfactory nerves 26 . What's more, inflammatory factors were detected in CSF samples, indicating that RSV infection is accompanied by brain inflammation 6 .…”

“…[23][24][25] One possible mechanism for RSV entry is anterograde transport via olfactory nerves. 26 What's more, inflammatory factors were detected in CSF samples, indicating that RSV infection is accompanied by brain inflammation. 6 An in-depth knowledge of the bidirectional communication between host and microbiome in the lung could confer treatment to respiratory infections, alleviate stress and anxiety, and enhanced neurological effects.…”

Oncogenic role of a long-term high-fat diet-induced DNM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma

“…Consistently, Knockdown of TARBP1 can reduce the accumulation of hepatitis C virus RNA [31] , TARBP1 maybe is an independent prognostic marker of HCC patients [32] , and TARBP1 has been proposed as a target for antiviral therapies [33,34,35] We previously demonstrated that consumption of high-fat diet induces tumor progression and epithelialmesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer in a mouse xenograft model [36] . High-fat diet can promote in ammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the lung by enlarging the growth of glyoxylic acid cycle-dependent bacteria, and the pathological process are partly alleviated by saturated hydrogen [37] . Fatty acids and a high-fat diet were reported to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating TGFβ and β-catenin in liver Cells [38] .…”

The gut microbiota pathway mechanisms of diabetes

“…Natural dietary products and their bioactive compounds have proven their effectiveness in alleviating some conditions like diabetes hepatitis, cardiovascular, obesity and cancer (Shang et al 2019 ; Luck et al 2015 ). Available at a lower cost, natural products have been shown to be effective adjuvants in the therapy of T2DM (Qiu et al 2020 , 2021 ; Xu et al 2015 ). The effects of natural products on T2DM is mainly described through the influence of gut microbiota, leading to the registration of a number of clinical trials in recent years.…”