Effects of high-intensity interval training on adipose tissue lipolysis, inflammation, and metabolomics in aged rats

Sun, Lei; Li, Fanghui; Li, Tao; Zhu, Mingyan; Yang, Luodan; Gao, Hao-En; Wu, Da-Shuai; Xie, Tian

doi:10.1007/s00424-020-02351-y

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In congruence with previous research [25,39], our results showed a reduction in body weight and/or Lee index following both ACT and AIT interventions in rats with MetS. Although no difference was observed in both body weight and Lee index between ACT and AIT groups, Sun and colleagues (2020) have recently demonstrated a greater improvement in body weight and fat mass in response to 8 months of AIT vs. ACT in aged rats [40]. One of possible underlying mechanisms in AIT-mediated weight loss may be due to increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-g (PPARg) that promotes the upregulation of lipid enzymes, [40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Aerobic interval training improves irisin and chemerin levels of both liver and visceral adipose tissues and circulating asprosin in rats with metabolic syndrome

Ahmadabadi

Nakhaei

Mogharnasi

et al. 2021

PhysInt

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The perturbation of adipokinetic hormones, such as irisin, chemerin, and asprosin has been reported to participate in pathological conditions (e.g., insulin resistance) and chronic inflammation. However, exercise training has been long established as an effective intervention for prevention and treatment of these chronic and metabolic diseases. This study was to examine the effects of aerobic continuous training (ACT) and aerobic interval training (AIT) on irisin and chemerin levels of liver tissue (LT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), circulating asprosin, and their relationships with cardiometabolic risk factors in rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: normal control (N-Ctr), control (Ctr-MetS), ACT, and AIT. After familiarization, rats with exercise intervention performed either ACT or AIT five times a week over eight weeks. The level of irisin in both ACT and AIT groups was higher than the Ctr-MetS group in LT and VAT, with a greater improvement of LT level observed in AIT vs. ACT groups. Furthermore, the level of chemerin in LT and VAT was lower in both ACT and AIT groups than the Ctr-MetS group, whereas only AIT group exhibited a reduction of serum asprosin when compared to ACT and Ctr-MetS, along with the improvements of cardiometabolic markers, such as HOMA-IR and lipid profile. These findings may support the efficiency and effectiveness of AIT intervention in the modulation of these novel metabolic hormones and cardiometabolic risk factors for reduced risk of metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Aerobic interval training improves irisin and chemerin levels of both liver and visceral adipose tissues and circulating asprosin in rats with metabolic syndrome

Ahmadabadi

Nakhaei

Mogharnasi

et al. 2021

PhysInt

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“…Previous studies focused on comparing the protein expression of HSL in muscle or adipose tissue between MICT and HIIT (Samaneh and Nikooie, 2016;Sun et al, 2020), and very few studies have compared the HSL phosphorylation and lipolysis during fasting or after catecholamine stimulating. Our findings may explain why HIIT has comparable subcutaneous and visceral fat reducing effects, even though the fat oxidation rate of high-intensity training is lower than moderate-intensity training during exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies confirmed that HIIT could cause higher blood catecholamine levels than MICT, as well as take a longer time to return to a resting level of catecholamines after exercise (Williams et al, 2013;Evans et al, 2016;Verboven et al, 2018). However, although some studies have compared HSL protein expression in muscle and adipose tissue between MICT and HIIT (Samaneh and Nikooie, 2016;Sun et al, 2020), to our knowledge, the catecholamine-mediated HSL phosphorylation and lipolysis were not studied profoundly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Gaidhu et al (2010) found that, although the cAMP-PKA pathway was not affected in mice fed a HFD for 8 weeks, HSL was difficult to be phosphorylated under physiological catecholamines concentrations, indicating that a HFD reduced the sensitivity of adrenergic receptors of adipocytes to catecholamines. Exercise intervention studies have shown that MICT can improve this resistance and increase HSL activity of both humans and rodents (Zouhal et al, 2008;Snook et al, 2017;Bertholdt et al, 2018), and compared with MICT, long-term HIIT could increase HSL expression higher in visceral fat of aged rats (Sun et al, 2020). However, there are few studies comparing the differences between HIIT and MICT in improving catecholamines resistance.…”

Section: The Post-exercise Effect Of Hiit and Mict: More Hsl Lipolysimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-exercise Effects and Long-Term Training Adaptations of Hormone Sensitive Lipase Lipolysis Induced by High-Intensity Interval Training in Adipose Tissue of Mice

et al. 2020

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Although studies have proven that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) shows a comparable effect to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on reducing body fat, especially visceral fat, the mechanism is still unclear. Since MICT consumes more fat during exercise, the mechanism of HIIT weight loss may be related to post-exercise effects, long-term adaptive changes, and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). The objective of this study was to compare the post-effects of acute exercise, long-term adaptive changes on HSL activity, and catecholamine-induced lipolysis between HIIT and MICT. Following a 14-week high-fat diet (HFD), obese female C57Bl/6 mice were divided into acute exercise groups (one time training, sacrificed at rest and 0, 1, and 12 h after exercise, n = 49), -L groups (12-week long-term training, 12-h fasting, n = 21), and -C groups (12-week training, primary adipocytes were isolated and stimulated by catecholamine in vitro, n = 18). MICT or HIIT treadmill protocols (running distance matched) were carried out during training. Comparison of acute exercise effects by two-way ANOVA showed no time × group interaction effect, however, a significant increase in HSL-Ser563 (at 0 and 1 h) and Ser660 phosphorylation (at 0, 1, and 12 h) in inguinal (subcutaneous) fat was only observed in HIIT mice (p < 0.05 vs. rest), but not in MICT mice. The periuterine (visceral) fat HSL expression and phosphorylation of HIIT mice was similar to or lower than MICT mice. After long-term training, 12-h fasting significantly increased periuterine fat Ser563 phosphorylation in HIIT mice (p < 0.05), but there was no change in MICT mice. Under stimulation of catecholamine in vitro, isolated primary adipocytes from periuterine fat of long-term HIIT mice showed a higher Ser563 increase than that found in MICT mice (p < 0.05). The quantity of triglyceride (TG) lipid bonds (representing lipolysis level) was significantly lower after HIIT than MICT (p < 0.05). The results indicate that (1) acute HIIT can induce an increase of HSL phosphorylation in subcutaneous fat lasting at least 12 h, implying longer post-exercise lipolysis than MICT and (2) long-time HIIT has a better effect on improving catecholamine resistance of visceral adipocytes caused by a HFD, which allows fat to be mobilized more easily when stimulated.

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“…Growing evidence has shown that physical exercise is beneficial to health, including the brain. In the general population, exercise can improve attention, processing speed, memory, and executive function (Cassilhas et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2018;Hu et al, 2020;Stillman et al, 2020;Sun et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020). Apart from these, numerous studies have demonstrated that different exercise regimes can significantly improve various brain functions, including regulating cerebrovascular function, enhancing neuroplasticity, inhibiting neuroinflammation, Frontiers in Physiology | www.frontiersin.org and preventing neurodegenerative diseases (Hotting and Roder, 2013;Ryan and Nolan, 2016;Liu et al, 2019;Malkiewicz et al, 2019;Guadagni et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactate as Potential Mediators for Exercise-Induced Positive Effects on Neuroplasticity and Cerebrovascular Plasticity

et al. 2021

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The accumulated evidence from animal and human studies supports that exercise is beneficial to physical health. Exercise can upregulate various neurotrophic factors, activate neuroplasticity, and play a positive role in improving and enhancing cerebrovascular function. Due to its economy, convenience, and ability to prevent or ameliorate various aging-related diseases, exercise, a healthy lifestyle, is increasingly popularized by people. However, the mechanism by which exercise performs this function and how it is transmitted from muscles to the brain remains incompletely understood. Here, we review the beneficial effects of exercise with different intensities on the brain with a focus on the positive effects of lactate on neuroplasticity and cerebrovascular plasticity. Based on these recent studies, we propose that lactate, a waste previously misunderstood as a by-product of glycolysis in the past, may be a key signal molecule that regulates the beneficial adaptation of the brain caused by exercise. Importantly, we speculate that a central protective mechanism may underlie the cognitive benefits induced by exercise.

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Effects of high-intensity interval training on adipose tissue lipolysis, inflammation, and metabolomics in aged rats

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Aerobic interval training improves irisin and chemerin levels of both liver and visceral adipose tissues and circulating asprosin in rats with metabolic syndrome

Aerobic interval training improves irisin and chemerin levels of both liver and visceral adipose tissues and circulating asprosin in rats with metabolic syndrome

Post-exercise Effects and Long-Term Training Adaptations of Hormone Sensitive Lipase Lipolysis Induced by High-Intensity Interval Training in Adipose Tissue of Mice

Lactate as Potential Mediators for Exercise-Induced Positive Effects on Neuroplasticity and Cerebrovascular Plasticity

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