Effects of High Levels of Dietary Linseed Oil on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, and Expression of Inflammatory Genes in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

Abstract

A growth experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary fish oil (FO) replaced by linseed oil (LO) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, hepatic lipid metabolism, and expression of inflammatory genes in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Fish (initial weight: 15.88 ± 0.14 g) were fed four experimental diets with 0% (the control), 33.3%, 66.7%, and 100% of FO replaced by LO. Each diet was randomly attributed to triplicate seawater floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 2.0 m) with 60 fish in each cage. Results showed that the growth performance of fish fed the diet with 100% LO was markedly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05), while no remarkable difference was observed in the growth performance of fish fed diets within 66.7% LO (P > 0.05). The percentage of 18:3n-3 was the highest in the liver and muscle of fish fed the diet with 100% LO among the four treatments. When dietary FO was entirely replaced by LO, fish had a markedly higher total cholesterol, total triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content, and alanine transaminase activity in the serum than the control group (P < 0.05). The concentration of malondialdehyde was markedly higher, while the activity of catalase was markedly lower in fish fed the diet with 100% LO than the control group (P < 0.05). When dietary FO was entirely replaced by LO, hepatic lipid content, transcriptional levels of fatp1 and cd36, and CD36 protein expression were significantly higher, while transcriptional level of cpt-1 and CPT-1 protein expression were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). As for the gene expression of cytokines, fish fed the diet with 100% LO had markedly higher transcriptional levels of il-1β, tnfα, and il-6 than the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the substitution of 66.7% FO with LO had no significant effects on the growth performance of fish, while 100% LO decreased the growth performance and increased the inflammation and hepatic lipid content of fish. The increase of hepatic lipid content was probably due to the increased fatty acid uptake and decreased fatty acid oxidation in fish.

Effects of terrestrial lipid blend on the growth performance, body composition, nonspecific immunity, antioxidant status and stress resistance when the dietary n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids requirements are met in juvenile Japanese sea bass ( Lateolabrax japonicus )

“…It was reported that the total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oil significantly reduced the antioxidant capacity. Similar results have also been acquired in large yellow croaker (Li et al, 2021; Mu et al, 2018). Both dietary fish oil and optimum n‐3 LC‐PUFA content have been reported to promote antioxidant capacity across fish species (Jin et al, 2017; Puangkaew et al, 2005; Zuo et al, 2012) and mammals (Kirimlioglu et al, 2006).…”

“…Replacing dietary fish oil by solo alternative lipids at high levels has been reported to affect the nonspecific parameters, antioxidant capacity and cytokine secretions in large yellow croaker (Li et al, 2021; Tan et al, 2016) and gilthead seabream (Montero et al, 2003). However, in some cases, no negative effect on immunity was reported with the inclusion of lipid blends at a certain level, such as in the previously mentioned species (Xu et al, 2015; Xue et al, 2006), yellow drum (Wabike et al, 2020) and yellow croaker (Mu et al, 2021).…”

Effects of Dietary Lipid Levels on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Metabolism in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) at Three Different Stages

“…To gain additional insight into the regulation of lipid metabolism by dietary lipids in the liver, mRNA expression analyses related to lipid metabolism were conducted. Pgc1α has been shown to promote mitochondrial β-oxidation [39,53]. In this study, relative expression of pgc1α was significantly lower in medium and large turbot fed diets with L171.2 than those fed L120.7 diets.…”

“…In addition to growth performance, the physiological status has also been a focus of interest in fish nutrition research. One of the key indicators for the physiological status is the antioxidant capacity [39,40]. T-AOC directly reflected the antioxidant capacity of fish, while CAT and SOD are major antioxidant enzymes, which play an important role in removing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and MDA could indirectly reflect severity of cell impairment and oxidative stresses in fish [40].…”

Effects of Different Marine-Based Lipid Sources on Growth Performance, Activities of Digestive Enzyme, Antioxidant Responses, and Lipid Metabolism of Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Larvae

“…Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an important marine fish in China due to its delicious taste and huge economic value [15][16][17]. Previous studies have assessed the effect of terrestrial-based lipid sources for larval and juvenile stages of large yellow croaker [18][19][20]. Up to now, no studies have been reported in large yellow croaker larvae to assess marine-based lipid sources as a potential replacement for FO in microdiets.…”