Effects of High Potassium and Low Temperature on the Growth and Magnesium Nutrition of Different Tomato Cultivars

Abstract

<jats:p>The interaction between potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) in plants has been intensively studied. However, the responses of different tomato (<jats:italic>Solanum lycopersicum</jats:italic> L.) cultivars to high K levels at low temperatures remained unclear. Herein, a complete randomized hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature (25 °C day/18 °C night vs. 15 °C day/8 °C night) and K concentrations (156 mg·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> vs. 468 mg·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) on the growth and Mg nutrition of tomato cultivars Gailiangmaofen (MF) and Jinpeng No. 1 (JP). Compared with the control temperature (25 °C day/18 °C night), the low temperature decreased total biomass, shoot biomass, and Mg uptake in shoot by 17.3%, 24.1%, and 11.8%, respectively; however, the root/shoot ratio was increased. High K had no significant effect on plant growth or biomass compared with the control K concentration (156 mg·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>); however, Mg concentrations and uptake in shoot were significantly lower under high-K treatment. Significant difference was observed for K uptake, but not for Mg uptake, between the two cultivars. There was no significant interaction between temperature and high K on Mg uptake of tomato, so a combined stress of low temperature and high K further inhibited Mg uptake and transport. Low temperature and high K increased the risk of Mg deficiency in tomato.</jats:p>

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