Effects of High Pressure on Cellular Processes

Macdonald, A. G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-057455-4.50078-5

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…(iv) Hydrostatic pressure To preserve cellular function at high pressure, deep-sea organisms require homeoviscous adaptation of membranes and structural adaptation of proteins (Macdonald 2001). These effects are evident in bony fish species living deeper than 1000 m and while there are no data for Chondrichthyes, we presume that pressure tolerance is well developed in this group.…”

Section: (A) Volume Of Ocean Occupied By Chondrichthyesmentioning

confidence: 95%

The absence of sharks from abyssal regions of the world's oceans

et al. 2006

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The oceanic abyss (depths greater than 3000 m), one of the largest environments on the planet, is characterized by absence of solar light, high pressures and remoteness from surface food supply necessitating special molecular, physiological, behavioural and ecological adaptations of organisms that live there. Sampling by trawl, baited hooks and cameras we show that the Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays and chimaeras) are absent from, or very rare in this region. Analysis of a global data set shows a trend of rapid disappearance of chondrichthyan species with depth when compared with bony fishes. Sharks, apparently well adapted to life at high pressures are conspicuous on slopes down to 2000 m including scavenging at food falls such as dead whales. We propose that they are excluded from the abyss by high-energy demand, including an oil-rich liver for buoyancy, which cannot be sustained in extreme oligotrophic conditions. Sharks are apparently confined to ca 30% of the total ocean and distribution of many species is fragmented around sea mounts, ocean ridges and ocean margins. All populations are therefore within reach of human fisheries, and there is no hidden reserve of chondrichthyan biomass or biodiversity in the deep sea. Sharks may be more vulnerable to over-exploitation than previously thought.

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Section: (A) Volume Of Ocean Occupied By Chondrichthyesmentioning

confidence: 95%

The absence of sharks from abyssal regions of the world's oceans

et al. 2006

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“…The vivid report of a flatfish sighting from the ports of the manned bathyscaph Trieste in 1960, at 10 911 m depth in the Challenger Deep (Piccard & Dietz 1961), is now generally discounted ( Wolff 1961), and the world's deepest recorded fish is recognized as Abyssobrotula galatheae, trawled from 8370 m ( Nielson 1977). There is a logarithmic decline in the number of species of fishes with depth (Priede et al 2006), with shallow-water species presumably excluded by adverse effects of pressure on cellular processes (Somero 1992;Macdonald 2001) and problems of increasing remoteness from surface-derived food resources. Extrapolating species number plots with depth, Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays and chimaeras) become theoretically extinct at 3850 m, and the maximum depth for Osteichthyes (bony fish) is 8350 m (Priede et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liparid and macrourid fishes of the hadal zone:in situobservations of activity and feeding behaviour

et al. 2008

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Using baited camera landers, the first images of living fishes were recorded in the hadal zone (6000-11 000 m) in the Pacific Ocean. The widespread abyssal macrourid Coryphaenoides yaquinae was observed at a new depth record of approximately 7000 m in the Japan Trench. Two endemic species of liparid were observed at similar depths: Pseudoliparis amblystomopsis in the Japan Trench and Notoliparis kermadecensis in the Kermadec Trench. From these observations, we have documented swimming and feeding behaviour of these species and derived the first estimates of hadal fish abundance. The liparids intercepted bait within 100-200 min but were observed to preferentially feed on scavenging amphipods. Notoliparis kermadecensis act as top predators in the hadal food web, exhibiting up to nine suction-feeding events per minute. Both species showed distinctive swimming gaits: P. amblystomopsis (mean length 22.5 cm) displayed a mean tailbeat frequency of 0.47 Hz and mean caudal : pectoral frequency ratio of 0.76, whereas N. kermadecensis (mean length 31.5 cm) displayed respective values of 1.04 and 2.08 Hz. Despite living at extreme depths, these endemic liparids exhibit similar activity levels compared with shallow-water liparids.

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“…These factors, acting either independently or in combination are thought to result in low metabolic rates and low activity levels of deep‐sea fishes. Low temperature and high pressure may have a direct physical effect inhibiting metabolic activity (Clarke, 1983; Johnston, 1990; Macdonald, 2001; Sebert, 2001). In the absence of down‐welling light the need for visually mediated fast responses is greatly reduced (Cowles et al ., 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low activity and seasonal change in population size structure of grenadiers in the oligotrophic abyssal central North Pacific Ocean

Priede

Deary

Bailey

et al. 2003

Journal of Fish Biology

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Analysis of video recordings of swimming in abyssal grenadiers Coryphaenoides spp. revealed site differences in tail‐beat frequencies. At the highly oligotrophic deep central North Pacific (CNP; 5800 m depth) station fishes had significantly lower tail‐beat frequencies (0·73 ± 0·02 Hz, mean ± s.e.) than fishes of similar size at the shallower ‘Station F’ (Sta. F; 4400 m depth) beneath the more productive waters of the California Current Upwelling (1·06 ± 0·04 Hz). These behavioural differences may be evidence for the proposed physiological adaptations of Coryphaenoides armatus and Coryphaenoides yaquinae, to different depths and food supply levels. At CNP, smaller fishes (38·9 cm mean LT) were present in autumn than in summer (59·4 cm LT) suggesting large‐scale migrations across the abyssal ocean floor despite the observed slow swimming speeds.

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Effects of High Pressure on Cellular Processes

Cited by 3 publications

References 88 publications

The absence of sharks from abyssal regions of the world's oceans

The absence of sharks from abyssal regions of the world's oceans

Liparid and macrourid fishes of the hadal zone:in situobservations of activity and feeding behaviour

Low activity and seasonal change in population size structure of grenadiers in the oligotrophic abyssal central North Pacific Ocean

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