Effects of high-protein or conventional canola meal on growth performance, organ weights, bone ash, and blood characteristics of weanling pigs

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of 2 high-protein canola meals (canola meal A [CMA]: 45.69% CP and canola meal B [CMB]: 46.97% CP) and a conventional canola meal (CM-CV: 35.10% CP) on growth performance, organ weights, bone ash, and blood parameters of weanling pigs. Inclusion rates of canola meal (CM) in the diets were 10, 20, 30, or 40% for CMA and CM-CV, whereas inclusions were 10, 20, or 30% for CMB. A control diet containing no CM was also formulated. Therefore, 12 diets were used in this experiment. A total of 420 pigs (initial BW: 9.8 ± 1.1 kg) were divided into 3 blocks and randomly allotted to 1 of the 12 diets with 8 replicate pens per treatment and 4 or 5 pigs per pen. The ADG, ADFI, and G:F were calculated, and at the conclusion of the experiment, 1 pig in each pen was euthanized to allow measurements of organ weights, collection of blood, and collection of the third and fourth metacarpals from the left foot. Results indicate that ADFI was linearly (P < 0.05) decreased if inclusion of CMA, CMB, or CM-CV was increased. Average daily gain for pigs fed CMA tended to increase quadratically with the maximum response observed at 10 or 20% CM inclusion in the diet ( P= 0.06). However, G:F was linearly (P < 0.05) increased by adding CMA or CM-CV to the diets. Liver weights were also linearly (P < 0.05) increased if pigs were fed diets containing CMB, but kidney weights were linearly (P < 0.05) decreased by the addition of CM-CV to the diets. Thyroid gland weights increased linearly (P < 0.05) for pigs fed diets containing CMA. No differences were observed in heart and bone weights if CM was added to the diets. Addition of any of the 3 CM linearly (P < 0.05) increased bone ash percentage in the metacarpals. Inclusion of CMA or CM-CV linearly (P < 0.05) decreased concentrations of serum triiodothyronine, and the inclusion of CMA also linearly (P < 0.05) decreased serum thyroxine concentrations. No differences were observed for complete blood counts or blood urea nitrogen if CM was added to the diets. In conclusion, up to 20% high-protein CM or CM-CV may be included in diets for weanling pigs from 2 wk postweaning without reducing growth performance or negatively affecting organ, bone, or blood parameters. In some instances, it may also be possible to use greater inclusion rates.

Piglet performance and physiological effects linked to reduced glucosinolate transformations in feed products based on rapeseed pressed cakes

“…Enlargement of thyroid glands, liver and kidneys has been reported in many animal studies after intake of high glc rapeseed meal, and this effect has especially been associated with high levels of progoitrin (Schone et al, ; Spiegel et al, ). The inclusion of RPC into the feed did increase liver size in piglets compared to the control group, as also found by others (Hulshof et al, ; Parr et al, ; Schone et al, ; Spiegel et al, ). This may be a result of nitrile formation in the rapeseed products, as intake of nitriles is associated with increased weight of kidney and lesions in kidneys and liver (Nishie & Daxenbichler, ).…”

“…Interestingly, there was no effect on ADFI, ADG and F:G from feeding with RPC-UXW despite the higher glc content and extra heat treatment. Similar results were demonstrated in other piglet studies with double-low rapeseed products, with RPC (Eggum et al, 1985;Zhou et al, 2016) and with solvent-extracted rapeseed meals (Landero et al, 2012), while a few studies found reduction in ADFI (Danielsen et al 2010;Landero et al, 2011) and also in ADG (Hulshof, van der Poel, Hendriks, & Bikker, 2016;Parr et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2017). Generally, the accepted level of rapeseed glc varies between studies, which may be linked to the fact that most studies measure the level in the cake, and lack information about the potential amount of the different glc transformation products.…”

“…Often the glc content is measured as intact glucosinolates in the RPC or RM, thus omitting to account for glc transformation products remaining in the matrix in RPC and from pelleting effects on glc transformation. This may explain variations in effects ascribed to glcs on performance and organ weights in previous piglet studies (Danielsen et al, ; Landero, Beltranena, Cervantes, Araiza, & Zijlstra, ; Parr, Liu, Parsons, & Stein, ; Wang et al, ; Zhou, Beltranena, & Zilijstra, ).…”

Rapeseed napin and cruciferin are readily digested by poultry

“…Thus, the poor digestibility or allergenicity of rapeseed protein is considered as a negative factor in the nutritional value of rapeseed co-products either in animal feeds or human diets (Wanasundara, 2011). However, in contrast to many investigations reporting a low digestibility value of CP and amino acids in RSM (Adedokun et al, 2008;Zhou et al, 2013;Kozlowski and Jeroch, 2014;Le et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015), a recent growth performance trial testing RSM resulted in a very similar rates of body weight gain to the control non-rapeseed diet when evaluated in non-ruminants (Parr et al, 2015). This suggests that protein rich co-products might have a good nutritional quality.…”

Effects of graded levels of microbial phytase on apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus and standardized total tract digestibility of phosphorus in four sources of canola meal and in soybean meal fed to growing pigs

“…conventional canola meal (CM-CV; Liu et al, 2014;Berrocoso et al, 2015;Parr et al, 2015). Canola meal also provides significant quantities of P and Ca to diets Rodríguez et al, 2013), but some Ca and more than 60% of total P in canola meal is bound to phytate (NRC, 2012).…”