Effects of high temperature on different restorations in forensic identification: Dental samples and mandible

Abstract

Introduction:The forensic odontologist strives to utilize the charred human dentition throughout each stage of dental evaluation, and restorations are as unique as fingerprints and their radiographic morphology as well as the types of filling materials are often the main feature for identification. The knowledge of detecting residual restorative material and composition of unrecovered adjacent restoration is a valuable tool-mark in the presumptive identification of the dentition of a burned victim. Gold, silver amalgam, silicate restoration, and so on, have a different resistance to prolonged high temperature, therefore, the identification of burned bodies can be correlated with adequate qualities and quantities of the traces. Most of the dental examination relies heavily on the presence of the restoration as well as the relationship of one dental structure to another. This greatly narrows the research for the final identification that is based on postmortem data.Aim:The purpose of this study is to examine the resistance of teeth and different restorative materials, and the mandible, to variable temperature and duration, for the purpose of identification.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on 72 extracted teeth which were divided into six goups of 12 teeth each based on the type of restorative material. (Group 1 - unrestored teeth, group 2 - teeth restored with Zn3(PO4)2, group 3 - with silver amalgam, group 4 with glass ionomer cement, group 5 - Ni-Cr-metal crown, group 6 - metal ceramic crown) and two specimens of the mandible. The effect of incineration at 400°C (5 mins, 15 mins, 30 mins) and 1100°C (15 mins) was studied.Results:Damage to the teeth subjected to variable temperatures and time can be categorized as intact (no damage), scorched (superficially parched and discolored), charred (reduced to carbon by incomplete combustion) and incinerated (burned to ashes).

Alteraciones Morfológicas en Dientes Sometidos a Altas Temperaturas con Interés Forense

“…En este trabajo de investigación fueron analizados dientes posteriores, a pesar de que los anteriores han sido utilizados en muchos estudios (Myers et al;Merlati et al, 2002Merlati et al, , 2004Savio et al;Beach et al, 2008;Moreno et al;Karkhanis et al;Patidar et al, 2010). Esta preferencia es compartida por otros autores (Merlati et al, 2004;Karkhanis et al;Rubio et al, 2009;Sandholzer et al, 2013) ya que los dientes posteriores suelen resistir más el choque térmico gracias a la protección que le brindan la piel, la mucosa, los músculos y los tejidos adiposo y óseo (Savio et al), mientras que los dientes anteriores suelen presentar un mayor daño térmico debido a su exposición al fuego cuando los labios se retraen, (Karkhanis et al).…”

“…Al igual que en este trabajo, la mayoría de los estudios emplearon hornos tipo mufla y no fuego directo para la aplicación de las altas temperaturas (Muller et al;Merlati et al, 2004;Savio et al;Fereira et al;Karkhanis et al;Moreno et al;Rubio et al, 2009;Sandholzer et al, 2013). A pesar de que en algunos estudios realizan un precalentamiento del horno hasta alcanzar la temperatura deseada para, posteriormente, introducir las muestras (Muller et al;Myers et al;Bonavilla et al;Karkhanis et al;Rubio et al, 2009;Patidar et al;Sandholzer et al, 2013); desde nuestro punto de vista y, coincidiendo con otros autores (Merlati et al, 2002(Merlati et al, , 2004Savio et al;Fereira et al;Moreno et al), es preferible colocar los dientes en el horno desde temperatura ambiente, para que el incremento de la temperatura se produzca gradualmente, consiguiendo así simular mejor una situación forense real. En nuestro trabajo se empleó una tasa de ascenso de 10 ºC por minuto, como la empleada por Moreno et al Sin embargo, otras tasas de ascenso utilizadas fueron: 18,8 ºC (Fereira et al) y 30 ºC por minuto (Merlati et al, 2002(Merlati et al, , 2004Savio et al).…”

Repercussões Periciais Diante de Falha no Preenchimento de Prontuário Odontológico - Relato de Caso Pericial

“…Por outro lado, há a necessidade de que os dentes e materiais odontológicos resistam à ação ambiental para que as particularidades odontológicas eventualmente presentes possam ser comparadas com os registros AM 10 .…”

Bir Felaketin Anatomisi Bazar de La Charite Yangını

“…Adli diş hekimliği kullanılarak yapılan kimliklendirme ise en güvenilir metodlardan biridir. Adli diş hekimliğinin özel bir disiplin olarak ortaya çıkışı Dr. Oscar Amoedo'nun Bazar de la Charite yangının kurbanlarını kimliklendirmesi ile olmuştur (6,10,11). Kurbanların büyük bir kısmı yakınları tarafından teşhis edilebilmiş, bu teşhislerde kurbanların üzerlerinde bulunan mücevherlerin oldukça yardımı olmuştur.…”

“…Oscar Amoedo, aynı yıl Moskova'da yapılan uluslararası bir tıp kongresinde "Bazar de la Charite felaketi kurbanlarının kimliklendirilmesinde diş hekimlerinin rolü" başlıklı çalışmasını sunar. "L'Art dentaire en Medecine Legale" adlı adli diş hekimliğinin temellerini oluşturan kitabı yazan Dr. Amoedo bu çalışmalarından sonra "Adli Diş Hekimliğinin babası" olarak anılacaktır (6,10,11).…”