Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on some Serum Micronutrients and Electrolytes Levels in HIV Infected Patients in Southern Nigeria

Kester, Digban; Ray, Okogun Godwin; Samson, Enitan Seyi; Harrison, Eruotor Ogheneochuko

doi:10.26717/bjstr.2018.07.001509

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…[10] Multiple authors have reported decreased Na +1 , K +1 , and Cl À1 serum electrolytes in HIV- seropositive subjects. [30][31][32][33][34] These reports contrast with the main findings in our study, where we found biochemical alterations represented by hypernatremia and hyperchloremia. At the same time, these findings agree with Emejulu et al, where hypernatremia (47.5%) was reported as the most frequent alteration in a sample of 115 naive subjects and a positive association between the ion Na +1 and Cl À1 was also described.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Renal and electrolytic disorders are common in subjects that live with HIV infection [10] . Multiple authors have reported decreased Na +1 , K +1 , and Cl −1 serum electrolytes in HIV-seropositive subjects [30–34] . These reports contrast with the main findings in our study, where we found biochemical alterations represented by hypernatremia and hyperchloremia.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Serum electrolytes and renal alterations in HIV-seropositive Mexican subjects

Tovar

Pérez

et al. 2021

Medicine

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To examine potential risk factors associated with biochemical alterations in renal function in a population diagnosed with HIV/AIDS undergoing antiretroviral treatment. This is an observational, transversal, and relational design study that included 179 HIV-seropositive subjects. Glucose serum, cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, creatine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and electrolytes levels were determined for each individual. Renal function was evaluated through the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), using the CKD-EPI equation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Univariate model significant variables, with a 95% confidence interval (CI), were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. CKD prevalence in patients was 7.3%, with comorbidities of 7.8% for type 2 diabetes mellitus, 7.3% for arterial hypertension, and 35.2% for dyslipidemia. Additionally, both hypernatremia and hypophosphatemia were detected in 57% (n = 102) of the patients. Multivariate logistic regression suggested that CD4+ T cell count < 200 ( P = .02; OR 0.2; CI 95% 0.08–0.8) was associated to hyponatremia; similarly, detectable viral load was associated to hypokalemia ( P = .02; OR 5.1; CI 95% 1.2–21.3), hypocalcemia ( P = .01; OR 4.1; CI 95% 1.3–12.3), and hypermagnesemia (OR 3.9; CI 95% 1.1–13.6). Patient age was associated to both hypophosphatemia ( P = .01; OR 2.4; CI 95% 1.1–5.0) and hypermagnesemia ( P = .01; OR 2.8; IC 95% 1.1–7.0), and high creatinine levels were associated to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor treatment ( P = .001; OR 42.5; CI 95% 2.2–806.9). Lastly, high BUN levels were associated to age ( P = .03; OR 3.8; CI 95% 1.0–14.4), while GFR 60 to 89 mL/min/1.73 m 2 was associated to dyslipidemia ( P = .02; OR 2.2; CI 95% 1.1–4.5). CD4+ T cell and viral load were the main factors associated with renal biochemical alterations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Serum electrolytes and renal alterations in HIV-seropositive Mexican subjects

Tovar

Pérez

et al. 2021

Medicine

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“…We recognize the limitations of the data. Improved accuracy is expected if the data was normally distributed [26,27] but medians are reported to account for skewness of the data. The data did not allow us to measure the time retained on ART/adherence or time retained in care.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and factors associated with initiation of HIV treatment among PLHIV in Jamaica, 2015–2019

et al. 2023

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Introduction Jamaica did not achieve the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets in 2020. This study aimed to examine trends and factors associated with uptake of HIV treatment among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Jamaica and to assess the effectiveness of revised treatment guidelines. Methods This secondary analysis used patient-level data from the National Treatment Service Information System. The baseline sample was 8147 PLHIV initiating anti-retroviral treatment (ART) between January 2015-December 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and clinical variables and the primary outcome timing of ART initiation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with ART initiation (same day vs 31+ days), using categorical variables for age group, sex and regional health authority. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported. Results Most persons initiated ART at 31+ days (n = 3666, 45%) after the first clinic date or on the same day (n = 3461, 43%). Same day ART initiation increased from 37% to 51% over 5 years and was significantly associated with males (aOR = 0.82, CI = 0.74–0.92), 2018 (aOR = 0.66, CI = 0.56–0.77), 2019 (aOR = 0.77, CI = 0.65–0.92). late HIV diagnosis (aOR = 0.3, CI = 0.27–0.33) and viral suppression at the first viral load test (aOR = 0.6, CI = 0.53–0.67). ART initiation at 31+days was associated with 2015 (aOR = 1.21, CI = 1.01–1.45) and 2016 (aOR = 1.30, CI = 1.10–1.53) compared to 2017. Conclusion Our study shows that same day ART initiation increased between 2015–2019, however it remains too low. Same day initiation was associated with the years after Treat All implementation and late initiation before Treat All, providing evidence of the strategy’s success. In order to achieve the UNAIDS targets, there is a need to also increase the number of diagnosed PLHIV retained on treatment in Jamaica. Further studies should be conducted to understand important challenges to accessing treatment as well as differentiated care models to improve treatment uptake and retention.

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Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Serological markers among Adult HIV Positive Female Patients on HAART in Ogun State, Nigeria

Enitan

2022

Preprint

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria inclusive, and it is common among HIV/AIDS patients. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers and associated risk factors among HIV-positive female patients on HAART in Ogun State, Nigeria. After receiving ethical permission from the Babcock University Health Research Ethics Committee (BUHREC), 100 female HIV-infected patients from Babcock University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, and General Hospital, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, were recruited for the study. The patients' HIV status was confirmed using three rapid diagnostic kits, all of which were used according to the manufacturer's instructions: Determine (Abbott Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan), Unigold HIV (Trinity Biotech Plc Bray, Co. Wicklow, Ireland), and 1/2 Stat Pak (Abbott Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan) (Chembio Diagnostic Systems, New York, USA). While an HBV 5-in-1 Panel supplied by Innovation Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China was used for the qualitative detection of HBV markers in serum specimens. Out of the 100 study participants examined, 4(3.6%) were positive for HBsAg, 2 (1.8%) were positive for HBsAb, 81 (73.6%) were positive for HBeAg, 3 (2.7%) were positive for HBeAb, while 65 (59.1%) were positive for HBcAb. There was no significant association between the occurrences of HBsAg and HBsAb and the socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants (P>0.05), except for HBeAg and HBeAb (P<0.05). Identified risk factors include: lack of knowledge of HBV, lack of a history of HBV vaccination, history of blood transfusion, organ transplant, and unprotected sex among others. The findings demonstrate that Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection exists among HIV-positive female patients on HAART in Ogun State, Nigeria, particularly among the age categories of 18-25 years and 26-30 years. This necessitates ongoing and persistent public health interventions among the study population.

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Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on some Serum Micronutrients and Electrolytes Levels in HIV Infected Patients in Southern Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Serum electrolytes and renal alterations in HIV-seropositive Mexican subjects

Serum electrolytes and renal alterations in HIV-seropositive Mexican subjects

Trends and factors associated with initiation of HIV treatment among PLHIV in Jamaica, 2015–2019

Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Serological markers among Adult HIV Positive Female Patients on HAART in Ogun State, Nigeria

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