Effects of hippocampal electrical stimulation on long-term memory and on cholinergic mechanisms in three inbred strains of mice

Cholinergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system of the snell dwarf mouse

“…A deficit in cholinergic activity in the dwarf hippocampus may underly the defective performance of these mutants in memory retention tests designed to measure hippocampal function [Bouchon and Will, 19831. It is also relevant to relate these findings to previous results [Matthies et al, 1974;Ebel et al, 1976;Jaffard et al, 1977Jaffard et al, , 1978Prado-Alcala et al, 19811 where we have shown that a low level of cholinergic activity in the hippocampus may be linked to a defect in memory ability. Our findings on cholinergic activity in the dwarf mouse provide neurochemical argument supporting the hypothesis that hippocampal cholinergic activity plays a significant role in memory processes.…”

“…Nevertheless, strong behavioral disturbances, such as depressed motor activity and impaired learning ability have been observed in these mice [Bouchon and Will, 1982a,b]. In memory retention tests, designed to probe hippocampal function, the dwarf mice show similar impairments as do mice bearing hippocampal lesions [Bouchon and Will, 19831. Since GH [Zamenhof et al, 1966;Roger et al, 1974;Sara et al, 19741 and thyroid hormones [Nicholson and Altman, 1972a,b;Hojvat et al, 19821 are known to play an important role during pre-and postnatal development of the nervous system, the present investigation was initiated in order to determine whether some aspects of neural development of dw/dw mice could be disturbed in a manner similar to the selective effects caused by deficiencies in GH [Diamond, 1968;Pelton et al, 19741 and experimentally induced hypothyroidism [Hamburgh and Flexner, 1957;Pasquini et al, 1967;Garcia et al, 1967;Krawiec et al, 19691. Since cholinergic mechanisms have been implied in memory processes [Matthies et al, 1974;Ebel et al, 1976;Jaffard et al, 1977Jaffard et al, , 1980Prado-Alcala et al, 19811 as well a5 in motor incoordination [Cheney et al, 1974;McGeer et al, 1975;Trabucchi et al, 1975;Durkin et al, 19771, two behavioral aspects for which dwarf mice are deficient, we have begun to investigate cholinergic transmission in the CNS of this mutant mouse.…”

Genetically Defined Animal Models of Neurobehavioral Dysfunctions

“…The C57BR performed most efficiently, followed by the BALB/C and C56BL. It was also reported that there were no significant differences in CA T activity between the strains, although the trends were similar to the earlier report (Jaffard et al, 1977). At any rate, there was no correlation betweeen behavioral performance and CAT activity in these strains.…”

“…An early report suggested that the capacity for long-term memory is greater in the BALB/C strain than in the C57BL/6 or C57BR strains (Jaffard et al, 1977). These behavioral differences appeared tobe correlated with differences in choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity; the BALB/C mice have greater values.…”

Reversal of chlorpyrifos neurobehavioral teratogenicity in mice by allographic transplantation of adult subventricular zone‐derived neural stem cells

“…On PN35, animals were anesthetized with an IP injection of pentobarbital, and a stereotaxic apparatus was used to deliver into each hippocampus approximately 25,000 CM‐Dil‐prelabeled cells contained in a volume of 2–5 μl. The coordinates were 1.8 mm posterior to Bregma, ±1.5 mm lateral from the midline, and 1.7 mm below calvarium (Jaffard et al,1977; Yanai and Pick,1988; Ben‐Shaanan et al,2008). To control for the injection, we administered the same volume of DMEM without the cells; this is preferable to transplantation of dead cells or tissues destined to be metabolized in the brain, insofar these may have an adverse effect.…”