Effects of HIV‐1 Serostatus, HIV‐1 RNA Concentration, and CD4 Cell Count on the Incidence of Malaria Infection in a Cohort of Adults in Rural Malawi

Patnaik, Padmaja; Jere, Charles S.; Miller, William C.; Hoffman, Irving; Wirima, Jack J.; Pendame, Richard; Meshnick, Steven R.; Taylor, Terrie E.; Molyneux, Malcolm E.; Kublin, James G.

doi:10.1086/432730

Cited by 122 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Areas of malaria and HIV endemicity share a wide geographic overlap, putting millions of people at risk of co-infection and consequently at risk for more severe clinical disease [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . The two diseases negatively interact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two diseases negatively interact. In HIV-infected individuals, higher HIV viral loads and temporary decreases in CD4 + T-cell counts can be seen during a malaria infection, while malaria parasite burdens and risk of clinical and severe malaria are higher in co-infected individuals 2,3,5,7,8,10 . The mechanisms by which HIV increases malaria severity are not fully understood and warrant further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An <em>In Vitro</em> Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

Finney

Serghides

2015

JoVE

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Malaria and HIV co-infection is a growing health priority. However, most research on malaria or HIV currently focuses on each infection individually. Although understanding the disease dynamics for each of these pathogens independently is vital, it is also important that the interactions between these pathogens are investigated and understood.We have developed a versatile in vitro model of HIV-malaria co-infection to study host immune responses to malaria in the context of HIV infection. Our model allows the study of secreted factors in cellular supernatants, cell surface and intracellular protein markers, as well as RNA expression levels. The experimental design and methods used limit variability and promote data reliability and reproducibility.All pathogens used in this model are natural human pathogens (Plasmodium falciparum and HIV-1), and all infected cells are naturally infected and used fresh. We use human erythrocytes parasitized with P. falciparum and maintained in continuous in vitro culture. We obtain freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronically HIV-infected volunteers. Every condition used has an appropriate control (P. falciparum parasitized vs. normal erythrocytes), and every HIV-infected donor has an HIV uninfected control, from which cells are harvested on the same day. This model provides a realistic environment to study the interactions between malaria parasites and human immune cells in the context of HIV infection. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An <em>In Vitro</em> Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

Finney

Serghides

2015

JoVE

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“…Evidence abound indicating that HIV infection interacts negatively with malaria, with each disease driving the progression and transmission of the other (Whitworth et al, 2000;French et al, 2001;Patnaik et al, 2005). Some studies have demonstrated that HIV increases the risk of clinical and severe malaria, while malaria increases HIV replication in vitro and in vivo (Xiao et al, 1998;Whitworth et al, 2000;French et al, 2001;Patnaik et al, 2005;Kamya et al, 2006). Both HIV infection and malaria are known to critically intersect in pregnancy and have serious consequences in pregnant women, their foetuses and their infants (Ticconi et al, 2003;ter Kuile et al, 2004).…”

Section: Effect Of Maternal Hiv Infection On Congenital Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital malaria: an overview

Uneke

2011

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Congenital malaria is a public health concern globally. This report reviews publications on congenital malaria in the last two decades with the view to establishing the current global epidemiological trends and the public health implications. A Medline Entrez-PubMed search was performed and published studies on congenital malaria in the last two decades were identified. A combination of key words "congenital malaria" were used for the search which yielded 180 publications as of December 2010. Of the 180 publications, 93 were within the period 1990 to 2010. Bibliographies of all publications selected were checked for additional relevant references and were obtained and included in the review. The critical issues identified and discussed include the (i) current global trends of congenital malaria; (ii) controversies associated with the frequency of occurrence of congenital malaria; (iii) mechanism and clinical features; (iv) role of maternal HIV infection (v) effects of congenital malaria on infants; (vi) diagnostic challenges; and (vii) treatment considerations. Operational research into various aspects of congenital malaria is essentially lacking as many unresolved issues requiring urgent scientific investigation abound. Public health policy on malaria control should integrate guidelines on congenital malaria management and control. _____________________________________________________________________________________

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“…1 In areas where malaria transmission is stable, HIV infection has been found to approximately double the risk of malaria parasitemia and clinical malaria in nonpregnant women. 2 Also, HIV infection is associated with an increased prevalence [2][3][4][5] and density 6 of parasitemia and an increased prevalence of clinical malaria 2,3,[7][8][9] particularly in patients with severe immunosuppression. 2,3,7,[10][11][12] In a cohort study in Uganda, the risk of clinical malaria was increased three times in patients with CD4 cell counts of 200-499 cells/μL and increased six times in patients with counts 200 cells/μL than in patients with counts 500 cells/μL; parasitemia also increased as the CD4 cell count decreased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Also, HIV infection is associated with an increased prevalence [2][3][4][5] and density 6 of parasitemia and an increased prevalence of clinical malaria 2,3,[7][8][9] particularly in patients with severe immunosuppression. 2,3,7,[10][11][12] In a cohort study in Uganda, the risk of clinical malaria was increased three times in patients with CD4 cell counts of 200-499 cells/μL and increased six times in patients with counts 200 cells/μL than in patients with counts 500 cells/μL; parasitemia also increased as the CD4 cell count decreased. 2 The prevalence of severe malaria and mortality in areas of stable transmission was not affected by HIV infection in previous studies, [13][14][15][16] but data from three recent studies challenge this finding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimalaria Action of Antiretroviral Drugs on Plasmodium berghei in Mice

Akinyede¹,

Akintonwa²,

Awodele³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Malaria parasitemia enhances replication of human immunodeficiency virus. Antiretroviral drugs that possess antiplasmodial activity may reverse such an effect. Activity of the antiretroviral drugs lamivudine (L), zidovudine (Z), nevirapine (N), and stavudine (S) against Plasmodium berghei inoculated into 70 adult albino mice was investigated. Eight groups of five animals each were treated with different drugs as either curative or prophylactic regimens. These regimens were also given to four groups as L/Z/N or L/S/N. Z therapy alone and L/Z/N eliminated malaria parasites as follows: curative and prophylactic Z groups, mean ± SEM = 62,132.87 ± 22,816.1 parasites/μL and 62,474.85 ± 14,639.1 parasites/μL, respectively on day 4 and 0 parasites/μL on day 26; curative L/Z/N group, 31,583.53 ± 6,361.67 parasites/μL, and 0 parasites/μL (days 4 and 18, respectively); prophylactic L/Z//N group, 41,138.1 ± 3,528.03 parasites/μL, and 0 parasites/μL (days 4, and 20 respectively). Peters four-day suppressive values were 67-82.2%. Zidovudine or L/Z/N therapy may modify the epidemiology of malaria and therefore the pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

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Effects of HIV‐1 Serostatus, HIV‐1 RNA Concentration, and CD4 Cell Count on the Incidence of Malaria Infection in a Cohort of Adults in Rural Malawi

Abstract: HIV-infected adults in malaria-endemic areas are at increased risk for malaria. Where possible, additional malaria prevention efforts should be targeted at this population.

Cited by 122 publications

References 19 publications

An <em>In Vitro</em> Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

An <em>In Vitro</em> Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

Congenital malaria: an overview

Antimalaria Action of Antiretroviral Drugs on Plasmodium berghei in Mice

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