“…In tropical and subtropical regions, FBI such as the vermetids form rigid bioconstructions in the intertidal/supratidal zone from depths of 0 to ~ -6 m on rocky shores (Keen, 1961;Laborel, 1986;Schiaparelli, 1995;Calvo et al, 1998;Spotorno-Oliveira et al, 2016;Breves-Ramos et al, 2017) and coral reefs (Hughes and Lewis, 1974;Kappner et al, 2000;Zuschin et al, 2001;González-Delgado et al, 2005;Spotorno-Oliveira et al, 2015;Webster et al, 2018).…”