Effects of hormone replacement therapy on plasma viscosity and Doppler variations in postmenopausal non-smokers and heavy smokers

Mancini, Fulvia; Persico, Nicola; Genazzani, Alessandro D.; Volpe, Annibale; Battaglia, Cesare; Aloysio, Domenico De

doi:10.1080/09513590400027281

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…No association between HRT type and Doppler values were found. Previous studies evaluated the effects of HRT on blood vessels and cardiovascular risk factors in HRT receiving postmenopausal women [15][16][17]. Some authors have also described that receiving HRT reduces morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of uterine perfusion in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy

Kara¹,

Güzel²,

Önderoǧlu³

2014

Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol.

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Objectives: The authors evaluated uterine perfusion in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by using transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography. Materials and methods: A total of 60 postmenopausal women receiving HRT were included in this prospective case control study. The patients were divided into two groups. The study group received HRT for at least one year. Uterine perfusion was evaluated by transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography and pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of uterine arteries were also recorded with a 5-7.5 MHz transvaginal probe. All patients gave informed consent to the study. Statistical analyses were carried out by using the statistical packages for SPSS 15.0 for Windows. Results: Demographic characteristics of the cases showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. There was a statistically significant difference between PI and RI of uterine arteries. In the study group PI and RI were lower than in the control group. As the duration of HRT use was prolonged, a decline in PI and RI increased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The current study showed that HRT has positive effects on uterine blood flow in postmenopausal women and may be evaluated by transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of uterine perfusion in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy

Kara¹,

Güzel²,

Önderoǧlu³

2014

Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol.

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“…Our study showed that, like the internal carotid artery PI, the ophthalmic artery PI was significantly higher in the heavy smokers and resulted positively correlated with cigarette use (r = 0.343; P < 0.0001). We speculated that the increased arterial stiffness (due to reduced prostacyclin production, increased thromboxane circulating levels, and increased platelet aggregation) [6], worsening the cerebral vascularization, may increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease in young, healthy smokers. In addition, altered Doppler flow parameters behave as a marker for patients with preclinical vascular disease and may identify, at an early age, women in whom therapeutic intervention (i.e., quitting smoking, body weight control, and decreased salt intake) could be beneficial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, thoracic aortic atherosclerotic lesions as assessed by transesophageal echocardiography resulted increased in smokers vs. nonsmokers [4]. In addition, it has also been reported that cigarette smoking is associated with a significant increase of carotid intima‐media thickness and carotid stiffness as assessed by carotid ultrasound and Doppler analyses [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cigarette Smoking Decreases the Genital Vascularization in Young Healthy, Eumenorrheic Women

Battaglia

Mancini

et al. 2011

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction Cigarette smoking is a major health hazard and may impair the normal sexual response. Aim To evaluate (in the early follicular phase, and independently from sexual stimulation) in young, eumenorrheic, healthy, lean women the general and genital vascular effects of the smoking habit. Methods One hundred thirty-seven patients undertook, in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (day 3–5): the administration of the two-factor Italian McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire (MFSQ); two-dimensional (2-D) color Doppler evaluation of the ophthalmic, carotid, uterine, clitoral, and labia minora arteries; three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of clitoral and labia minora vascularization; and blood pressure evaluation. Fasting blood samples were drawn to test plasma estradiol, androstenedione, and testosterone circulating levels. Main Outcome Measures The two-factor Italian MFSQ; the pulsatility index (PI) of internal carotid, ophthalmic, uterine, clitoral, and labia minora arteries; the vascularization index (VI), the flow index (FI), and the vascularization flow index (VFI) of clitoral body and labia minora, blood pressure measurement, and hormonal assay. Results The subjects were divided in: nonsmokers (Group I; N=72); current (>2 years) light smokers—1 to 10 cigarettes/day—(Group II; N=35); and current heavy smokers—> 10 cigarettes/day—(Group III; N=30). The 2-D Doppler analysis of the ophthalmic and internal carotid arteries showed significant increased resistance in Group III compared with Group II and Group I. The genital vessels (uterine, clitoral, and labium minus arteries) showed the lowest PIs in the nonsmokers. The 3-D power Doppler histogram analysis of clitoral and labium minus blood flow showed the worst vascular indices (VI, FI, VFI) in the heavy smokers. Conclusions Cigarette smoking may favor a reduced central and peripheral tissue perfusion with consequent increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and with genital vessels stiffness and impaired sexual performances.

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“…Previous studies suggest that oestrogen can be associated with more favourable eicosanoid profiles. In post-menopausal females, plasma thromboxane B 2 and vascular impedance, measured by carotid Doppler, were reduced after starting hormone replacement therapy[36]. Another study found an increased urinary PGI-M-to- 11dTxB 2 ratio with hormone replacement therapy[37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Urinary Biomarkers of Vascular and Endothelial Function in HIV-Infected Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

et al. 2011

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Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk can be underestimated in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Novel CVD risk markers in this population are needed. We hypothesized that eicosanoid metabolite production is increased with metabolic complications of ART. Our objective was to determine relationships between urine eicosanoids and traditional CVD risk factors in a cohort of HIV-infected persons receiving ART. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 107 individuals from a prospective cohort study with urine eicosanoids (isoprostane [15-F2t-IsoP], prostaglandin-E metabolite [PGE-M], thromboxane metabolite [11dTxB2], prostacyclin metabolite [PGI-M]) determined by gas or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results 15-F2t-IsoP was higher (p=0.003), 11dTxB2 tended to be higher (p=0.07), and PGE-M was lower (p=0.003) in females than in males. The overall median Framingham score was 4 (IQR 1 – 7). In multivariable analyses adjusting for age, CD4+ T-cells, smoking status, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use, aspirin use, and body mass index (BMI), associations included: higher 15-F2t-IsoP with female sex (p=0.004) and current smoking (p=0.04), lower PGE-M with female sex (p=0.005) and higher BMI (p=0.03), higher 11dTxB2 with increasing age (p=0.02) and current smoking (p=0.04), lower 11dTxB2 with higher BMI (p=0.02), and higher PGI-M with current smoking (p=0.04). Conclusions In this pilot study of predominantly virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals on ART, there were sex-specific differences in urinary eicosanoids, with females having more risk-associated parameters despite low Framingham score. Eicosanoids might be useful CVD biomarkers in ART-treated, HIV-infected patients. Future studies should examine eicosanoids while assessing effects of specific ART regimens and targeted interventions on CVD outcomes.

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Effects of hormone replacement therapy on plasma viscosity and Doppler variations in postmenopausal non-smokers and heavy smokers

Abstract: Cigarette smoking represents a cardiovascular risk factor that can only partially be modified by the administration of transdermal HRT.

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Evaluation of uterine perfusion in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy

Evaluation of uterine perfusion in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy

Cigarette Smoking Decreases the Genital Vascularization in Young Healthy, Eumenorrheic Women

Sex Differences in Urinary Biomarkers of Vascular and Endothelial Function in HIV-Infected Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

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