Effects of human activity on chimpanzee wounding

Lambeth, Susan P.; Bloomsmith, Mollie A.; Alford, P. L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2361(1997)16:4<327::aid-zoo4>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Even being held in captivity for a number of generations (nineteen captive-born and three wild-caught as infants), captivity did not modify their basic threatening response to the presence of intruders, which is likely to have an adaptative value for survival. Moreover, chimpanzees living in a laboratory facility had three times more episodes of wounding on weekdays, when human activity was high, than on weekends (Lambeth et al 1997). Even so, Hosey (2000) suggests that human-animal interaction and chronic exposure to human visitors may be good for the animal, because it might reduce the stressful effect of visitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and hormonal response of common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, to two environmental conditions

Barbosa

Mota

2009

Primates

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Captive animals of several species change their behavioral pattern and hormonal profile in response to physical (for example, cage size and temperature) and social (for example, group size and social isolation) modification of their environment. To evaluate the effect of environmental change in captivity, the affiliative (contact/proximity and allogrooming) and individual (approach, leaving, scent mark, locomotion, and autogrooming) behavior of five family groups of common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, were recorded on weekdays (non-quiet) and at the weekend (quiet) for two months. In addition, fecal samples were collected for four of these groups to measure their cortisol levels under both conditions. The behavioral pattern and hormonal profile of breeding pairs and their offspring were modified by different management routines used in the experimental conditions. We found that the animals spent more time in affiliative interactions at the weekend, whereas on weekdays, they showed more individual behaviors. Moreover, cortisol levels of breeding pairs and their offspring were higher on weekdays, suggesting that common marmosets living in captivity react to environmental modification by changing their behavioral and hormonal pattern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and hormonal response of common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, to two environmental conditions

Barbosa

Mota

2009

Primates

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“…Three additional fecal samples were collected from each monkey on Mondays in order to provide corticoid baseline levels over the weekend, which is considered to be less stressful due to a lower human activity level [35]. Individual fecal samples of pair-housed macaques were identified by adding a divider to the cage in the evenings preceding sample collection, cleaning the trays underneath each divided cage, and collecting the samples the following morning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some stereotypic behaviors in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are correlated with both perseveration and the ability to cope with acute stressors

Pomerantz

Paukner

Terkel

2012

Behavioural Brain Research

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The most prevalent sub-group of abnormal repetitive behaviors among captive animals is that of stereotypies. Previous studies have demonstrated some resemblance between stereotypy in captive animals and in humans, including the involvement of neurological malfunctions that lead to the expression of stereotypies. This malfunction can be evaluated through the use of neuropsychological tasks that assess perseveration as implying a failure of the basal ganglia (BG) to operate properly. Other studies, in contrast, have suggested that stereotypies are the product of neurologically intact individuals reacting to the abnormal nature of their surroundings, and are possibly characterized by an adaptive feature that enables the subject to cope with such adversity. Employing neuropsychological tests and also measuring the levels of fecal corticoids in captive rhesus macaques, we tested the hypothesis that stereotypies are related both to brain pathology and to a coping mechanism with stress, resembling accounts by autistic individuals exhibiting basal ganglia malfunction, and who report a sense of relief when performing stereotypies. Self-directed and fine-motor stereotypies exhibited by the monkeys were positively correlated with perseveration, suggesting BG malfunction; while self-directed stereotypies were also negatively correlated with an increase in fecal corticoids following a stress challenge, suggesting a related coping mechanism. We therefore suggest that not all repetitive, unvarying, and apparently functionless behaviors should be regarded as one homogeneous group of stereotypic behaviors; and that, reflecting reports from autistic individuals, self-directed stereotypies in captive rhesus monkeys are related both to brain pathology, and to an adaptive mechanism that allows those that express them to better cope with acute stressors.

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“…The use of species-specific behaviors can extend beyond familiar caregivers; in both laboratory (Lambeth, et al, 1997;Maki, Alford & Bramblett, 1987) and zoo (Chamove, Hosey & Schaetzel, 1988;Davey, 2007) settings, visitors can increase aggression in chimpanzees. Typical visitor behaviors such as grins and bipedal stances are either friendly or benign human behaviors, but signal aggression among chimpanzees (Goodall, 1986).…”

Section:  Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While research shows that the mere presence of caregivers is stressful (Alford et al, 1992;Bloomsmith et al, 1999;Lambeth et al, 1997;Line et al, 1991), the research that manipulates caregivers' behaviors suggests that in some cases it is the caregivers' behaviors and the nature of their interactions that are the basis for the stress (Baker 2004;Bayne et al, 1993;Pizzutto et al, 2007;Van IJzendoorn et al, 2009;Waitt et al, 2002). This study investigates these interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In addition to the quality of relationships, the activities associated with the captive environment can affect its residents. During husbandry activities, chimpanzees have higher wounding rates (Lambeth, Bloomsmith & Alford, 1997). Monkeys (Alford, Nash, Fritz & Bowen, 1992) have more births over weekends when husbandry activities are decreased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caregiver–chimpanzee interactions with species-specific behaviors

Jensvold¹,

Buckner²,

Stadtner³

2010

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The relationships between captive primates and their caregivers are critical ones and can affect animal welfare. This study tested the effect of caregivers using chimpanzee behaviors or not, in daily interactions with captive chimpanzees. In the Chimpanzee Behavior (CB) condition the caregiver presented chimpanzee behaviors. In the Human Behavior (HB) condition the caregiver avoided using chimpanzee behaviors. The chimpanzees had individual patterns of response and had significant differences in their responses to each condition. These data are compared to a similar study conducted at The Zoo Northwest Florida (ZNWF). Both groups of chimpanzees were sensitive and responsive to the differences in conditions. These data suggest ways to improve animal welfare.

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Effects of human activity on chimpanzee wounding

Cited by 49 publications

References 11 publications

Behavioral and hormonal response of common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, to two environmental conditions

Behavioral and hormonal response of common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, to two environmental conditions

Some stereotypic behaviors in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are correlated with both perseveration and the ability to cope with acute stressors

Caregiver–chimpanzee interactions with species-specific behaviors

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