Effects of human amnion–derived mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation in rats with radiation proctitis

Abstract

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to be a promising

Concise Review: Fetal Membranes in Regenerative Medicine: New Tricks from an Old Dog?

“…Recently, Hyun and colleagues showed that hCMSC suppressed pro‐fibrogenic Hedgehog signaling in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis . Specifically, they showed that hCMSC released extracellular vesicles containing microRNA‐125b that target smo, a Hedgehog signaling ligand, and this was concurrent with the downregulation of Hh‐target genes . hCMSC were also reportedly able to suppress the expression of Hh and pro‐fibrotic genes in cocultured LX2 (human hepatic stellate cell) .…”

“…hCMSC has also been shown to promote liver regeneration. Recently, Hyun and colleagues showed that hCMSC suppressed pro‐fibrogenic Hedgehog signaling in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis . Specifically, they showed that hCMSC released extracellular vesicles containing microRNA‐125b that target smo, a Hedgehog signaling ligand, and this was concurrent with the downregulation of Hh‐target genes .…”

“…In a rat model of PD with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions, a higher survival rate of dopaminergic neurons was reported, along with an increase in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and restrained stem cells growth [75]. Transplantation of hAEC into a rat model of spinal cord injury significantly reduced mechanical allodynia [76], suggesting that hAEC transplantation hCMSC [66] Myocardial infarction hAMSC [63][64][65] hCMSC [67] Stroke hAEC [68,69] Neurological Traumatic brain injury hAMSC [71] Spinal cord injury hAMSC [72] hAEC [76] Optic nerve crush injury hCMSC [73] Encephalomyelitis hAEC [74] Parkinson's Disease hAEC [75] Diabetes hAEC [77] hAMSC [78,79] hCMSC [80] Gastrointestinal Proctitis hAMSC [81] Colitis hAMSC [82] liver fibrosis hCMSC [83] hAEC [84,85] Respiratory Pulmonary fibrosis hAEC [49,50,108] hAMSC, hCMSC [87] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hAEC [91] Asthma hAEC [92] Bronchopulmonary dysplasia hAEC [93,94] hCMSC [95] Cystic fibrosis hAMSC [96] hAEC [97] Abbreviations: hAEC, human amnion epithelial cells; hAMSC, human amnion mesenchymal stem cells; hCMSCs, human chorionic mesenchymal stem cells. [76].…”

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute and chronic pancreatitis

“…However, several studies revealed that a large fraction of systemically infused MSCs were trapped within the lungs as emboli owing to their large size [15]. Furthermore, MSC therapy was shown to suppress inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis in numerous disease models without MSC differentiation and engraftment in the injured tissue [5,16]. Therefore, clinical trials have shifted toward utilizing the biological functions of MSCs through trophic mechanisms and from local to systemic administration [17][18][19][20][21].…”

“…Because MSCs do not have the major histocompatibility complex class II antigen, rejection does not occur, even after allogenic transplantation. The effect of MSC transplantation has been investigated in several gastrointestinal diseases in animal models [3][4][5] and in human trials [6].…”