Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of honeybee pollen on growth performance, flesh quality, and immune and stress response response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract

The effects of dietary hydroalcoholic extract of honeybee pollen (HBPE) on growth performance, flesh quality, immunity and stress response were investigated. Two hundred fifty‐five rainbow trout (11.14 ± 1.06 g) were fed five diets containing increasing levels of HBPE: control, 0.25HBPE (0.25 g HBPE/kg), 0.5HBPE (0.5 g HBPE/kg), 1HBPE (1 g HBPE/kg) and 1.5HBPE (1.5 g HBPE/kg). After 56 days, rainbow trout fed the 0.5HBPE and 1HBPE diets displayed significantly higher weight gain (49.58 and 53.25 g) and protein efficiency (2.88 and 2.83) compared to those fed the control diet (4.89 and 2.05), respectively (p < .05). For flesh quality, higher protein content in the whole body of fish fed the 1HBPE (633.3 g/kg) and 1.5HBPE (640.9 g/kg) diets was observed when compared to other groups (p < .05). There were no significant differences in the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid content. Individuals fed the 1HBPE (234.5 g/kg) and 1.5HBPE (234.7 g/kg) diets exhibited higher levels of n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscle than the other groups (p < .05). In terms of the immune system, the serum lysozyme and alternative complement pathway haemolytic activity levels in the 0.5HBPE (47.66 and 148.00 U/ml) and 1HBPE (46.00 and 146.33 U/ml) treatments were higher than the other treatments (p < .05). When Aeromonas hydrophila was exposed to different dosages of HBPE, a higher inhibitory zone resulted from 1,000 and 1,500 mg/ml dosage. The lower levels of plasma cortisol were observed in the 1HBPE and 1.5HBPE groups after the complement stress test. Collectively, the present findings suggest that the 1HBPE diet supported superior growth, flesh quality, immunity and stress response of rainbow trout.

Dietary rutin promoted the growth, serum antioxidant response and flesh collagen, free amino acids contents of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella )

“…Dietary garlic extracts (rich in flavonoid) were also reported to increase EPA (C22:6n3) and DHA (C22:5n3) in the whole body of sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) (Lee et al, 2012). Asgari et al (2020) found that dietary hydroalcoholic extract of honeybee pollen (rich in flavonoid) increased the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids level in the muscle of rainbow trout. The addition of barberry root and extract in diets significantly enhanced the proportion of C18:1n9, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), C18:3n3, C:226n3, n-3, and n-3/n-6 fatty acids (Ramezanzadeh et al, 2020).…”

“…Asgari et al. (2020) found that dietary hydroalcoholic extract of honeybee pollen (rich in flavonoid) increased the n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids level in the muscle of rainbow trout. The addition of barberry root and extract in diets significantly enhanced the proportion of C18:1n9, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), C18:3n3, C:226n3, n‐3, and n‐3/n‐6 fatty acids (Ramezanzadeh et al., 2020).…”

Effects of different forms of barberry root (Berberis vulgaris) on growth performance, muscle fatty acids profile, whole‐body composition, and digestive enzymes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…Therefore, alternative resources, such as herbal medicines and natural products, could be considered a promising approach. Using herbal supplements in aquafeeds appears to promote different actions, such as antistress, growth promotion, appetite stimulation, and tonic and immunostimulation, and to have aphrodisiac and antimicrobial properties because they contain alkaloids, flavonoids, pigments, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, and essential oils (Adel, Amiri, Zorriehzahra, Nematolahi, & Esteban, 2015; Citarasu, 2010; Dügenci, Arda, & Candan, 2003; Esmaeili, Abedian Kenari, & Rombenso, 2017; Esmaeili, Kenari, & Rombenso, 2017; Heidarieh et al, 2012; Reverter et al, 2014; Asgari et al, 2020. Although barberry is a well‐known herbal medicine, there was no information about its dietary effects in fish growth or physiology.…”

EDTA detoxifies heavy metals on exposed beluga ( Huso huso ) with pollution stress: Growth performance, immunohaematology, blood biochemistry and antioxidant activity

“…These benefits have made the aquaculture industry the most ongoing section in the food industry, with 8% growth each year (FAO, 2020). As the profitability of fish farming depends on growth performance and feed efficiency, any attitude towards improving these parameters, such as dietary manipulations, can help to the sustainability of aquaculture (Asgari et al, 2020; Ghosi Mobaraki et al, 2020).…”

“…These benefits have made the aquaculture industry the most ongoing section in the food industry, with 8% growth each year (FAO, 2020). As the profitability of fish farming depends on growth performance and feed efficiency, any attitude towards improving these parameters, such as dietary manipulations, can help to the sustainability of aquaculture (Asgari et al, 2020;Ghosi Mobaraki et al, 2020).One important challenge to fish farming in world regions affected by discharge of raw and partially treated industrial effluents into the aquatic system is the presence of heavy metals. Fish can be negatively affected by the heavy metal in the first production stage, and eventually, metals can be transferred to the human body by eating fish.…”