Effects of hydrostatic pressure on strain measurement with distributed optical fiber sensing system

Xue, Ziqiu; Park, Hyuck; Kiyama, Tamotsu; Hashimoto, Tsutomu; Nishizawa, Osamu; Kogure, Tetsuya

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.430

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The hybrid DFOS tool can sense small strain and temperature changes at high measurement accuracy (10 με/0.5°C) and spatial resolution (5 cm) over a long-range distance (~25 km). The accuracy of the DFOS technique was demonstrated in several previous laboratory and field tests (Kogure et al, 2015;Kogure & Okuda, 2018;Xue et al, 2014;Xue & Hashimoto, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019). In the study, two water injection tests at sections ① (186.8-188.8 m) and ② (204.4-206.4 m) were presented and considered.…”

Section: Configurations Of Two Adjacent Wellsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Xue et al (2018) and Zhang et al (2018) attached a fiber to Berea and Tako sandstone cores and proved the validity of hybrid DFOS to monitor induced strain at varying confining/pore pressures. For field-scale measurements, Xue et al (2014), Xue and Hashimoto (2017), and Sun et al (2018) deployed the DFOS behind a well casing to sense geomechanical deformation in water injection, extraction, and jet tests. Furthermore, the in situ behaviors of microseismicity and deformation are monitored via fiber optics in laboratories and/or field tests (Cappa et al, 2006(Cappa et al, , 2008(Cappa et al, , 2019Freifeld et al, 2014;Guglielmi et al, 2015;Moore et al, 2010;Sanada et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing System for Well‐Based Monitoring Water Injection Tests—A Geomechanical Responses Perspective

Sun

Xue

Hashimoto

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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In this study, distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) based on hybrid Brillouin-Rayleigh backscattering is examined for the first time in well-based monitoring distributed profiles of geomechanical deformation induced by water injection. Field water injection tests are conducted under different injection scenarios between an injection well (230 m, IW #2) and 5.5 m away from a fibered monitoring well (300 m, MW #1) by deploying cables behind the casing at Mobara, Japan. Effects of injection rate, pressure, and lithological heterogeneity on the geomechanical deformation are quantitatively monitored via a DFOS approach and indicate that induced strains significantly depend on injection rate and pressure. The results also indicate that DFOS results are reasonably consistent with simultaneous geophysical well logging data and corresponding numerical simulation. The extent of impacted areas and magnitude of near-wellbore strains are explored to evaluate formation heterogeneity and fluid migration behaviors. The field testing of hybrid DFOS technology is expected to definitely advance elaborate monitoring and wider applications, such as CO 2 geosequestration sites.Plain Language Summary Geological CO 2 storage (GCS) in deep saline aquifers is broadly recognized as possessing the potential to play a key role in mitigating anthropogenic climate change. Valid monitoring methods are important to characterize the spatial distribution of sequestered CO 2 in underground reservoirs. In the study, hybrid Brillouin-Rayleigh scattering based on high-resolution distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) as an advanced monitoring tool to measure the distribution of temperature or strain is deployed behind casing to a depth of 300 m in an actual field of MW #1 to detect the vertical profile of strain changes at various locations along the entire cable length. Water injection tests are implemented to inject water from adjacent injection well, IW #2 (approximately 5.5 m distance) toward the fibered MW #1. Results indicate that the impacted zones induced by water injection are expanded to the vertical formations near the fibered well, thereby assessing overlying and overlying sealing. Additionally, the induced strain magnitude and state are largely associated with the injection rate, pressure, and formation heterogeneity compare well with the results of well logging and numerical modeling. The DFOS-based downhole monitoring technology can capture continuous depth-based geomechanical deformation, which can serve as a valid indicator to track the migration of injected fluids and act as an early warning for potential fluid leakage.

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Section: Configurations Of Two Adjacent Wellsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing System for Well‐Based Monitoring Water Injection Tests—A Geomechanical Responses Perspective

Sun

Xue

Hashimoto

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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show abstract

“…In order to make accurate predictions, a geomechanical model needs to be first calibrated against geophysical and geomechanical data obtained from monitoring. As a new technology, continuous and distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technology based on Brillouin and/or Rayleigh scattering has great potential in geotechnical monitoring at both laboratory and field scales [16][17][18][19][20]. Optical fiber sensors have advantages such as their immunity against electromagnetic interference, low weight, small size, high sensitivity, and large bandwidth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Optic Sensing for Geomechanical Monitoring: (2)- Distributed Strain Measurements at a Pumping Test and Geomechanical Modeling of Deformation of Reservoir Rocks

2019

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In this study distributed fiber optic sensing has been used to measure strain along a vertical well of a depth of 300 m during a pumping test. The observed strain data has been used in geomechanical simulation, in which a combined analytical and numerical approach was applied in providing scaled-up formation properties. The outcomes of the field test have demonstrated the practical use of distributed fiber optic strain sensing for monitoring reservoir formation responses at different regions of sandstone–mudstone alternations along a continuous trajectory. It also demonstrated that sensitive and scaled rock properties, including the equivalent permeability and pore compressibility, can be well constrained by the combined use of water head and distributed strain data. In comparison with the conventional methods, fiber optic strain monitoring enables a lower number of short-term tests to be designed to calibrate the parameters used to model the rock properties. The obtained parameters can be directly used in long-term geomechanical simulation of deformation of reservoir rocks due to fluid injection or production at the CO2 storage and oil and gas fields.

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“…CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) in saline aquifers has been recognized as one of the most effective technologies for reducing CO 2 emissions in the short to medium term; CO 2 is generally stored at depths greater than 800 m, reaching depths of up to 2–3 km in some sedimentary basins. − It is therefore clear that high-accuracy strain monitoring and instrumentation are important and urgent for geophysicists and reservoir engineers to gain real-time information concerning the flow and migration of fluids that are injected under deep subsurface environments. However, because of the complexities of this process, with its inherent uncertainties and lack of visibility, , it has become both crucial and challenging to discover a means by which high-accuracy, elaborative, and permanent in situ monitoring of the dynamic processes of unconventional energy exploitation and geological disposals can be achieved. , Although it is generally agreed that several of the existing tools used for monitoring can be comparatively robust, they are currently deemed unsuitable for in situ permanent deformation monitoring in field-scale geoengineering applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Sensing of CO₂ Geological Storage Using Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensor: From Laboratory to Field-Scale Demonstrations

et al. 2020

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An innovative monitoring system using distributed fiber optical sensing (DFOS) technology based on hybrid Brillouin–Rayleigh backscattering is first proposed to measure small strain profiles from core-scale experiments to field tests. The surface of a sandstone specimen is twined and glued with one single-mode fiber (SMF) as well as four conventional strain gauges. A preliminary laboratory experiment is implemented to testify to the sensing effectiveness of this proposed hybrid DFOS system. Laboratory experiments indicate that the measured strain via SMF along the heterogeneous Tako sandstone core surface coincides well with conventional strain gauges and better tracks injected CO2 fronts. Moreover, this novel DFOS-based optical fiber cable has been deployed behind the well casing for detecting impacted zones along the well depth direction in an actual 300 m-deep field well. Field testing shows that the extent of the deformed zone induced by injected CO2 is successfully monitored and quantified in terms of measured in situ strain profiles. This first-hand hybrid DFOS system and lab-field findings can quantitatively evaluate wellbore–caprock integrity by providing real-time in situ strain signals in various Earth geoenergy-related fluids injection, storage, and extraction sites.

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Effects of hydrostatic pressure on strain measurement with distributed optical fiber sensing system

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing System for Well‐Based Monitoring Water Injection Tests—A Geomechanical Responses Perspective

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing System for Well‐Based Monitoring Water Injection Tests—A Geomechanical Responses Perspective

Fiber Optic Sensing for Geomechanical Monitoring: (2)- Distributed Strain Measurements at a Pumping Test and Geomechanical Modeling of Deformation of Reservoir Rocks

Optical Sensing of CO₂ Geological Storage Using Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensor: From Laboratory to Field-Scale Demonstrations

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Effects of hydrostatic pressure on strain measurement with distributed optical fiber sensing system

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing System for Well‐Based Monitoring Water Injection Tests—A Geomechanical Responses Perspective

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing System for Well‐Based Monitoring Water Injection Tests—A Geomechanical Responses Perspective

Fiber Optic Sensing for Geomechanical Monitoring: (2)- Distributed Strain Measurements at a Pumping Test and Geomechanical Modeling of Deformation of Reservoir Rocks

Optical Sensing of CO2 Geological Storage Using Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensor: From Laboratory to Field-Scale Demonstrations

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Optical Sensing of CO₂ Geological Storage Using Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensor: From Laboratory to Field-Scale Demonstrations