Effects of Hydrothermal Aging on Mechanical Behavior of Sub-zero Weathered                 GFRP Composites

Mula, Suhrit; Bera, Tanusree; Ray, Pravat Kumar; Ray, Bankim Chandra

doi:10.1177/0731684406060247

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…with respect to their durability and performance. Even today, this effort is an ongoing endeavor to develop or optimize composites for naval/oil-shore industry [6,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. One of the important observations reported in those studies reveals that during the initial stages of absorption, the water uptake follows Fick's Law [19][20][21] but on prolonged aging it no longer follows Fickian behavior.…”

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confidence: 89%

Carbon nanotube-reinforced glass fiber epoxy composite laminates exposed to hygrothermal conditioning

2016

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Glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites (GFRP) were prepared and reinforced with two types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, i.e., amino-functionalized (ACNT) and pristine nanotubes (PCNT). Incorporation of ACNT leads to a significant decrease in equilibrium water content and diffusion coefficient vis-à-vis GFRP composites when immersed in seawater (SW) and distilled water (DW). The experimental results illustrate that the material degradation of the composites is significantly more on immersion in SW as compared to DW. Interestingly, a decrease in mechanical properties was observed initially; however, at a later stage the trend reversed and a recovery in the mechanical properties was seen. This recovery in mechanical properties is ascribed to the possible secondary crosslinking network between excess sodium ions in seawater with the hydroxyl groups of cured epoxy and also to the unreacted silanols on the glass fiber surface. On the contrary, PCNT composites revealed a continuous decreasing trend in mechanical behavior versus aging duration. The present study suggests that it may be advantageous and safer to re-condition (for 15-20 days) FRP nanocomposite parts before being installed in naval vessels.

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confidence: 89%

Carbon nanotube-reinforced glass fiber epoxy composite laminates exposed to hygrothermal conditioning

2016

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“…The most common damage modes are matrix cracking, delamination growth, and fiber fracture when exposed to absorbed moisture in general (precipitation, humidity, etc.) Gautier et al, 1999;Mula et al, 2006;Bankim et al, 2014;Mohato et al, 2015). Absorbed moisture is one of the most recognized causes of long-term failure of composites.…”

Section: Exposure To Humidity and Absorbed Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

Short Beam Shear Strength Evaluations of GFRP Composites: Correlations Through Accelerated and Natural Aging

Barker¹

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Short Beam Shear Strength Evaluations of GFRP Composites: Correlations Through Accelerated and Natural Aging William Barker Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) composites have been materials of interest in replacing or reinforcing steel, wood, and concrete, but lack of understanding of degradation under physical and chemical aging is a main concern. Through many years of research, the understanding of aging or durability of GFRPs has improved. To be able to evaluate aging related degradation rates, an accelerated aging methodology under varying environments is introduced. Accelerated aging is a concept used to age composites in a lab controlled environment under varying pH conditions (2 to 13) and temperatures (~-20° to +160°F). Once acceleratedly aged testing is completed, Arrhenius relationships and Time-Temperature Superposition principles can be used to correlate the accelerated data with the naturally aged data to create strength reduction (knock-down) factors for 100-year service life. In this work, accelerated and natural aged data for glass fiber reinforced vinyl-ester composites was collected through in-lab testing and literature data. Knowing that interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) is the most detrimental mechanical property, this work was solely focused on the degradation of ILSS of glass fiber reinforced vinyl-ester under varying pH environments and temperatures. The degradation of ILSS in composites has been found to follow two aging trends. Most of the ILSS degradation occurs within the first 3-10 years of service followed by a more gradual trend. The focus of this report is to understand the reason behind a large amount of strength loss in the initial service life. Accelerated testing was also performed on vinyl ester composites with different thicknesses, as well as pure vinyl ester samples. Examining how degradation occurs with varying thicknesses and the resin system apart from the composite is very crucial in understanding the reasons behind aging.

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“…In general, mechanical properties of composites are compromised when exposed to various long duration environmental loadings [1–3]. A hygrothermal environments, defined as an environment with combined moisture and temperature, could degrade the polymeric matrix and overall softening of the composite [3–7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term hygrothermal response of perforated GFRP plates with/without application of constant external loading

Eslami

Taheri‐Behrooz

Taheri‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

2012

Polymer Composites

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The use of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites is increasingly being considered in various applications where the composite is subjected to harsh hot and humid conditions. Although information on the performance of GFRP under hot and humid conditions is available, the characteristics and the response of perforated GFRP under such conditions have not been fully explored. In this article, the response of perforated GFRP plates subject to hot and humid environment is examined. The applicability and accuracy of Fick's model for establishing the amount of moisture absorption by such composites is examined, and an improved model is proposed. The article also demonstrates the influence of constant external loading on such perforated GFRP while undergoing conditioning in a hot and humid environment. Moreover, since the strength and stiffness of composites can be significantly affected by harsh environments, the degradation in the strength and stiffness of the perforated GFRP as a function of time is established. A new model is proposed wherein degradation of the strength of such perforated composites may be established as a function of time and geometric entities. The model can also account for the influence of the applied loading. POLYM. COMPOS., 33:467-475, 2012. ª

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Effects of Hydrothermal Aging on Mechanical Behavior of Sub-zero Weathered GFRP Composites

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Carbon nanotube-reinforced glass fiber epoxy composite laminates exposed to hygrothermal conditioning

Carbon nanotube-reinforced glass fiber epoxy composite laminates exposed to hygrothermal conditioning

Short Beam Shear Strength Evaluations of GFRP Composites: Correlations Through Accelerated and Natural Aging

Long‐term hygrothermal response of perforated GFRP plates with/without application of constant external loading

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