Effects of hypervitaminosis of vitamin B3 on silkworm biology

Abstract

A high-dose of vitamin B 3 in silkworm diet interrupts larval feeding and normal growth. High mortality of larvae occurs during molting and they cannot complete this process normally. Also the larvae exhibit nicotinamide hypervitaminosis symptoms such as immobility, dyspepsia, darkening of the skin, inability to excrete normally, exerting brownish fluid from anus and swelling of rectal muscles. Maximum larval weights in 1, 2 and 3 g/l treatments were 2⋅9, 1⋅6 and 1⋅2 g respectively, while maximum larval weight in the control was 5⋅6 g. Larval stage compared to control had increased 18, 26 and 31 days respectively. The concentration increase of uric acid in haemolymph demonstrates the hyperuricemia, while other measured biochemical compounds show significant decrease; sodium and potassium did not change significantly.[Etebari K and Matindoost L 2004 Effects of hypervitaminosis of vitamin B3 on silkworm biology; J. Biosci. 29 [417][418][419][420][421][422]

Insecticidal and Genotoxic effects of some indigenous plant extracts in Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquitoes

“…The hydrolysis of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) phosphomonoesters under acid or alkaline conditions, respectively 25 . Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is used as a membrane marker enzyme, active in intestinal epithelial cells, malpighian tubules and hemolymph of insects 25,57 . A decrease in ACP levels due to plant extract could be attributed to reduced phosphorous liberation for energy metabolism, decreased rate of metabolism as well as decreased rate of transport of metabolites 25,26 .…”

Toxicity and biochemical efficacy of six essential oils against Tribolium confusum (du val) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

“…(Gacar and Tasksn, 2009). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a brush border membrane marker enzyme and is especially active in tissues with active membrane transport, such as intestinal epithelial cells (Etebari and Matindoost, 2004a), Malpighian tubules (Etebari and Matindoost, 2004b) and hemolymph (Etebari et al, 2007).…”

Role of vitamins on various biological aspects of an egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymanoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on its laboratory host, Corcyra cephalonica

“…Higher quantity of vitamin in diet has been reported to decrease the feeding of insects (Friend, 1958). Etebari and Matindoost (2004) observed that high dose of vitamin B 3 in the diet interrupt feeding and normal growth of silkworm larvae. The observed High mortality was recorded during molting of larvae.…”