Effects of hypoxic‑ischemic pre‑treatment on microvesicles derived from endothelial progenitor cells

Abstract

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have protective roles in ischemic injury due to their ability to improve endothelial function and modulate angiogenesis. Microvesicles (MVs) are small membrane particles released by various cell types, including EPCs, which affect various target cells by transferring carried genetic information, including microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs). Depending on the stimuli and cell types, MVs exert different functions. In the present study, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to mimic ischemic-hypoxic (HI) insult, where the effects of HI insult on EPC-derived MVs (EPC-MVs) were subsequently investigated. OGD induced Ca 2+ influx in EPCs and increased the release of EPC-MVs compared with normoxic conditions. In addition, MVs prepared from EPCs cultured under normoxic conditions or OGD conditions (OGD-EMVs) had the ability to stimulate the proliferation of EPCs. Furthermore, OGD-EMVs induced stronger effects on proliferation, which may be associated with the upregulation of miR-210 in EPC-MVs. In conclusion, the present results indicated that HI insult promoted the release of MVs from EPCs and upregulated miR-210 in MVs, leading to positive modulation of the proliferation of EPCs cultured under normoxic conditions.

Protective effects of endothelial progenitor cell microvesicles carrying miR‑98‑5p on angiotensin II‑induced rat kidney cell injury

“…MVs are important mediators of intercellular communication (43) and are detached from the cell surface after activation, stress or apoptosis (44). MVs have anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and angiogenic effects (45,46), improve endothelial function and alleviate endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress (47). As the damaged kidney can no longer effectively filter out the metabolic waste in the blood, which eventually leads to the occurrence of kidney disease, the GEO analysis in the current study used diabetic rats based on the possibility of diabetic rats suffering from kidney disease (48).…”

Protective effects of endothelial progenitor cell microvesicles on Ang II‑induced rat kidney cell injury

“…MVs released from EPCs can carry the biological information of their parent cell, and thus exert a similar function on the target cells ( 33 ). For example, EPC-MVs protect cardiomyocytes from Ang II-induced hypertrophy and apoptosis ( 28 ), improve endothelial function and the ability to regulate angiogenesis ( 37 ), and alleviate endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress ( 38 ). However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of EPC-MVs on hypertensive nephropathy has not been previously reported.…”

“…EPCs effectively protect renal function in CKD ( 40 ) and serve a major role in maintaining vascular integrity and repairing endothelial injury ( 15 ), as well as reduce vascular leakage, improve organ function and increase survival rate in sepsis ( 41 ). Accumulating evidence suggests that EPCs may exert a protective role via the secretion of MVs ( 37 , 42 , 43 ).…”

Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Microvesicles Promote Angiogenesis in Rat Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells In vitro

“…MVs are a major vehicle for circulating miRNA (Shu et al, 2019 ). We previously reported that RNase pretreatment reduced the proliferative effect of EPC-MVs containing miR-210 (Zeng et al, 2020 ). Similarly, RNase inactivation of EPC-MVs containing the miRNAs miRNA-126 and miRNA-296 inhibited their proangiogenic effect (Ranghino et al, 2012 ), which was corroborated by another study (Cantaluppi et al, 2012b ).…”