Effects of Achyrocline satureioides Inflorescence Extracts against Pathogenic Intestinal Bacteria: Chemical Characterization, In Vitro Tests, and In Vivo Evaluation

Abstract

Three Achyrocline satureioides (AS) inflorescences extracts were characterized: (i) a freeze-dried extract prepared from the aqueous extractive solution and (ii) a freeze-dried and (iii) a spray-dried extract prepared from hydroethanol extractive solution (80% ethanol). The chemical profile, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity against intestinal pathogenic bacteria of AS extracts were evaluated. In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by the total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) assay. In vivo analysis and characterization of intestinal microbiota were performed in male Wistar rats (saline versus treated animals with AS dried extracts) by high-throughput sequencing analysis: metabarcoding. Antimicrobial activity was tested in vitro by the disc diffusion tests. Moisture content of the extracts ranged from 10 to 15% and 5.7 to 17 mg kg−1 of fluorine. AS exhibited antioxidant activity, especially in its freeze-dried form which also exhibited a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against intestinal pathogenic bacteria greater than those observed by the antibiotic, amoxicillin, when tested against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of AS extracts seemed to be positively correlated with the present amount of flavonoids. These findings suggest a potential use of AS as a coadjuvant agent for treating bacterial-induced intestinal diseases with high rates of antibiotic resistance.

Achyrocline satureioides Hydroalcoholic Extract as a Hypoallergenic Antimicrobial Substitute of Natural Origin for Commonly Used Preservatives in Cosmetic Emulsions

“…Ampicillin is used as a reference antibiotic in accordance with the Institute of CLSI-Clinical and Laboratory Standards M02-A13 Guideline [ 51 ]. The results comply with the previously published literature, where the authors proved the antimicrobial activity of freeze-dried hydroalcoholic extract against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including S.aureus [ 52 ].…”

“…Ampicillin is used as a reference antibiotic in accordance with the Institute of CLSI-Clinical and Laboratory Standards M02-A13 Guideline [51]. The results comply with the previously published literature, where the authors proved the antimicrobial activity of freeze-dried hydroalcoholic extract against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including S.aureus [52]. The hydroalcoholic extract of A. satureioides is not suitable to use in cosmetic products for feminine hygiene as confirmed by both the diffusion test and the broth dilution method.…”

Avaliação antimicrobiana e moduladora do extrato de Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. frente a Escherichia coli

“…As doenças do trato gastrointestinal são induzidas por estresse oxidativo e a superprodução de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) se acumulam por condições anormais causando doenças. No entanto, estudos prévios da A. Satureioides demostram que a presença de flavonoides, inibe a peroxidação lipídica por eliminação de ROS, o que provavelmente justifica seu uso popular em doenças gastrointestinais (Moresco et al, 2017). Both (2014) afirma que o estudo in vitro realizado com a planta medicinal A. satureioides comprovou que esta espécie detém atividade bacteriostática e bactericida contra amostras de bactérias gram-positivas padronizadas.…”

“…O tratamento para diarreia causada por vírus, faz-se através de reposição de líquidos e cuidados com a alimentação, entretanto o tratamento do agente bacteriano faz-se com o antibiótico apropriado. Dessa forma, é necessário controlar vigorosamente a conduta clínica caso a caso, uma vez que estudos abordam o surgimento de cepas da família Enterobacteriaceae, resistentes aos agentes antimicrobianos (Zhou et al, 2018) os quais desenvolveram formas multirresistentes (Moresco et al, 2017).…”

Investigação das Atividades Farmacológicas de Plantas Medicinais Comercializadas em Juazeiro do Norte, CE: uma Revisão de Literatura

“…Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos demonstram que os filmes de Macela e hidroxietilcelulose têm um uso potencial no tratamento de feridas de pele, feridas de pressão e feridas cirúrgicas infectadas. Ademais, já foi possível constatar também sua propriedade antioxidante (SALGUEIRO et al, 2016), tripanocida (BALDISSERA et al, 2014 e uso potencial como agente coadjuvante para o tratamento de doenças intestinais induzidas por bactérias com altas taxas de resistência a antibióticos (MORESCO et al, 2017). Barioni et al (2013) avaliaram os efeitos das ações in vivo do extrato hidroalcóolico obtido de inflorescências de Achyrocline satureioides no tráfego de neutrófilos para o tecido inflamado.…”