Effects of closo-icosahedral periodoborane salts on hypergolic reactions of 70% H₂O₂ with energetic ionic liquids

Abstract

A number of energetic ionic liquids (EILs) have been reported as promising hydrazine-replacement fuels for hypergolic rocket propulsion.

Metal–organic frameworks as hypergolic additives for hybrid rockets

“…Consequently, chemical propulsion is still the choice for rocket launchers or in-orbit maneuvering, 9,10 with hybrid engines an attractive alternative to complex, and therefore more costly, liquid-fueled engines. 11 To replace polluting propellants and enable competitive small-scale launchers, new technologies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] should match or exceed the performance metrics of currently used propulsion approaches. For instance, the characteristic velocity (C*) is a measure of the combustion performance of a rocket propulsion system, independent of its nozzle.…”

Nitrodiaziridines: Unattainable yet, but Desired Energetic Materials

“…Energetic materials find numerous applications in civilian space technologies, mining, and explosion welding. − It is known that industrial explosives (e.g., RDX and HMX) are still “out of competition” due to their high cost-efficiency, but there is also a large number of complaints about them: the safety and energy release of their compositions, huge environmental issues raised by technologies of their production, and so forth. A search for new explosives within the framework of compounds of the one class cannot immediately provide a readymade solution for their “cheapened” production from existing sources, which are produced in large quantities by the industry.…”

Bioinspired Strategy for HMX@hBNNS Dual Shell Energetic Composites with Enhanced Desensitization and Improved Thermal Property

“…Over the past decades, considerable attentions have been attracted to the energetic materials (EM) encompassing propellants, pyrotechnics and explosives, which are widely applied in modern weapons, space exploration and petroleum exploitation. [1][2][3][4] Especially many efforts have been lower temperatures, meaning the decreased thermal stability of HMX. Based on this, it is necessary to explore new candidate shell materials to improve the thermal stability of energetic crystals.…”

“…Over the past decades, considerable attentions have been attracted to the energetic materials (EM) encompassing propellants, pyrotechnics and explosives, which are widely applied in modern weapons, space exploration and petroleum exploitation. [ 1–4 ] Especially many efforts have been devoted to developing the high energy density materials (HEDMs), such as 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazacyclooctane (HMX), [ 5 ] 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20), [ 6 ] 4,4′‐Azobis(1,2,4‐triazole) (ABTr), [ 7 ] 4,10‐dinitro‐4,10‐diaza‐2,6,8,12‐tetraoxaisowurtzitane (TEX), [ 8 ] and so forth. However, long‐terms of researches manifest that there exist two opposite aspects in most HEDMs since the inherent defects of their molecular structures, the contradiction between high energy and low sensitivity.…”