Effects ofMoringa oleifera‐based diets on growth, immunological responses, liver antioxidant biomarkers and expression of immune‐related genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in hapa‐in‐pond system

Abstract

We have evaluated the impacts of supplementing diets with Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOL) on growth, intestine histomorphometry, immunity, liver antioxidants and expression of immune genes in Nile tilapia raised in hapas mounted in earthen pond. Four MOL supplementation doses (0.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 g/kg) were used to make four experimental diets defined as reference (CONT), MOL5, MOL7 and MOL9 respectively. Fish (⁓61.5 g) were allocated in 4 triplicate groups and were fed the corresponding diets for consecutive 60 days. The highest final weight, weight gain, weight gain % and specific growth rate were found in the MOL5 group among all experimental groups. Feed conversion ratio was not changed by dietary MOL. When compared with the CONT group, there was a significant decline in MDA levels along with a significant rise in hepatic CAT, SOD and GPx enzymes in all MOL‐supplemented groups. Serum lysozyme activities, IgM levels and complement C3 were elevated in MOL groups than the CONT group. Moreover, dietary MOL preserved the normal histomorphology of the intestines of the treated Nile tilapia along with a significant improvement in some intestinal morphometric indices. There was significant increase in the mRNA expressions of inf‐γ, il‐10 and tnf‐α genes in the spleen tissue of MOL groups. However, the mRNA expression levels of il‐1β were significantly decreased in MOL groups. Of interest, the second‐order polynomial regression clarified that a 5.80 g MOL/kg diet is the optimum dietary supplementation level for better growth and no side effects on the health condition of fish. Altogether, dietary MOL could be recommended as a practical feed supplement to enhance growth, intestinal health, antioxidant capacity and immunity of Nile tilapia reared in hapas.

Dietary supplementation with Moringa oleifera leaves extract reduces the impacts of sub-lethal fipronil in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

“…The leaves are also abundant in several essential vitamins, minerals (like potassium, iron, and calcium) 9 , and phytochemicals (like carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, and terpenoids 10 . Due to the above-mentioned nutritive values, studies elucidated that MO-based meals could be proficiently consumed by poultry 11 , goats, cattle 12 , 13 , and fish 14 , 15 . The presence of anti-nutrient (anti-nutritional) factors may hinder the digestibility of MO-based diets, and in this case, it requires several processing techniques 14 .…”

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on the Growth Performance, Hematology, Innate Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 2

“…The growth (FW, WG, and SGR) and feed utilization (FCR and PER) performance of Nile tilapia were significantly higher in the diet supplemented with the MLE-0.5 group. Similarly, the diet supplemented with M. oleifera leaf extract at 5 g [ 25 ] and seed extract at 0.5% [ 45 ] observed significantly higher growth indices of Nile tilapia. This phenomenon can be ascribed to the presence of bioactive compounds in MLE, namely p -coumaric acid, quercetin, and kaempferol.…”

“…Moringa exhibits anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial properties attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acid and flavonoids [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Moringa leaf extract has been employed in various studies to promote the growth, immune response, antioxidant activity, and disease protection of Nile tilapia at different life stages, including fry [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], fingerling [ 22 , 23 ], and adult [ 24 , 25 ] Nile tilapia. Additionally, a few studies have demonstrated the potential of Moringa leaf for reducing stress indices [ 20 , 24 ], as well as mitigating the sub-lethal toxicity of fipronil [ 26 ] and sub-chronic sodium fluoride [ 27 ] to Nile tilapia.…”

Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Hematological Parameters, and Histological Features of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed Diets with Supplementary Herbal Extracts Under Prolonged Water Exchange

“…Discussion There is no doubt that the continuous water change improves the performance and wellbeing of the fish reflecting a positive effect on the parameters of growth, feed efficiency, and hematological, immunological, and histological indicators (Abdel-Latif et al, 2022;El-Son et al, 2022). A. vera is one of the candidate medicinal plants in the aquaculture feed industry as a feed supplement.…”