Effects of <i>Mucuna pruriens</i> Protease Inhibitors on <i>Echis carinatus</i> Venom

Hope-Onyekwere, Nnadozie; Ogueli, G. I.; Cortelazzo, Alessio; Cerutti, Helena; Cito, Annarita; Aguiyi, John Chinyere; Guerranti, Roberto

doi:10.1002/ptr.4663

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…One of the proteins present in the seed extract is a multiform glycoprotein (gpMuc) of apparent molecular mass 20 -28 kDa. N-terminal sequences of seven glycosylated isoforms of this protein show the conserved signature sequence of Kunitz-type protease inhibitors (27,28). This protein can inhibit proteolytic components of snake venom and thus may provide direct protection against the toxic effects of snakebite.…”

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confidence: 99%

MP-4 Contributes to Snake Venom Neutralization by Mucuna pruriens Seeds through an Indirect Antibody-mediated Mechanism

Kumar

Gupta

Nair

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Mortality due to snakebite is a serious public health problem, and available therapeutics are known to induce debilitating side effects. Traditional medicine suggests that seeds of Mucuna pruriens can provide protection against the effects of snakebite. Our aim is to identify the protein(s) that may be important for snake venom neutralization and elucidate its mechanism of action. To this end, we have identified and purified a protein from M. pruriens, which we have named MP-4. The full-length polypeptide sequence of MP-4 was obtained through N-terminal sequencing of peptide fragments. Sequence analysis suggested that the protein may belong to the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor family and therefore may potentially neutralize the proteases present in snake venom. Using various structural and biochemical tools coupled with in vivo assays, we are able to show that MP-4 does not afford direct protection against snake venom because it is actually a poor inhibitor of serine proteases. Further experiments showed that antibodies generated against MP-4 cross-react with the whole venom and provide protection to mice against Echis carinatus snake venom. This study shows that the MP-4 contributes significantly to the snake venom neutralization activity of M. pruriens seeds through an indirect antibody-mediated mechanism.

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confidence: 99%

MP-4 Contributes to Snake Venom Neutralization by Mucuna pruriens Seeds through an Indirect Antibody-mediated Mechanism

Kumar

Gupta

Nair

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Furthermore, it has been reported to stimulate the synthesis of antibodies capable of cross-reacting with venomous proteins and inhibits the venom proteolytic apparatuses, thus mitigating toxicity (Guerranti et al, 2004;Kumar et al, 2016). This immunogenic glycoprotein (gpMuc) has a molecular weight of 20.3 to 28.7 kDa and pI of 4.8 to 6.5 (Di Patrizi et al, 2006;Hope-Onyekwere, 2012) and has Seven (7) different N-terminal isoforms, some of which possess structural similarities to PLA2 of venoms (Lucia et al, 2012). Recent investigations by Kumar et al (2016) substantiated that a specific purified protein from M. pruriens code-named MP-4 (20.9 kDa) reacts with antibodies against Echiscarinatus venom, though contrarily, the MP-4 protein exhibited no direct protease inhibitory action.…”

Section: The Plants Used Against Snakebite and Envenomation In Sub-sa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Snake Envenomation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities and Challenges

Abduljalil,

Magaji,

Daba

et al. 2023

Nig J Bas App Sci

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Snakes are primarily venomous animals that bite when frightened, which can be lethal. This is because snake venom is one of the most active biological fluids containing a wide range of peptides and proteins that can induce several effects, including hemo-, neuro-, cyto- and myotoxic effects, consequently becoming deleterious to life if untreated. Although snakes are found on almost all continents, the rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa are the most affected by snakebites, mainly due to increased humansnake interactions forced by their socioeconomic status and agricultural or rural practices. Consequently, this recently prompted the World Health Organisation to enlist snakebites envenoming among the category-A neglected tropical diseases with an estimated annual death of 7,300 in sub-Saharan Africa. Aside from mortality, snakebite envenomation also causes permanent disabilities in humans and a heavy burden on livestock, creating economic hardship for the already impoverished communities. Several animal-derived antivenoms have been developed for treating snakebites and wounds; they effectively attenuate venomrelated toxicity, tissue necrosis, and deaths. However, despite the efficacy of these antivenoms, several issues, such as problems in production and distribution, exorbitant prices, and adverse effects of the antivenoms, have challenged their practical use in subSaharan Africa. This review highlights the challenges that make conventional antivenoms unavailable to prone populations. We also discuss the plants used in the treatment of snake bites laying emphasis on Mucuna pruriens (Velvet bean) and Allium sativum (Garlic) as the two most studied medicinal plants. The progress and bottlenecks of using herbal antivenoms as alternatives in treating snakebite envenomation in sub-Saharan Africa are also discussed.

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Protein Characterization of Protein Bodies from Cotyledons of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC

Bellani

Giglioni

Muccifora

2013

Plant Foods Hum Nutr

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Seeds of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (Fabaceae) were analyzed for protein composition of protein bodies isolated from cotyledons. Protein bodies were successfully separated by Lympholyte and those of dry seeds, observed by scanning electron microscope, were elliptical or spherical in shape with a diameter of 5-12 μm. Protein content in dry seed protein bodies was 10.6 mg/g dry weight. Globulin was the largest protein fraction isolated (62.5 %), followed by albumin (18.3 %), glutelin (15.8 %) and prolamin (3.4 %). The prolamin fraction and high glutelin content are uncommon in legumes. SDS-PAGE of albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins provided different band numbers and molecular weights under reducing and non reducing conditions and suggested that the albumin fraction is rich in disulphide bonds.

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Effects of Mucuna pruriens Protease Inhibitors on Echis carinatus Venom

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

MP-4 Contributes to Snake Venom Neutralization by Mucuna pruriens Seeds through an Indirect Antibody-mediated Mechanism

MP-4 Contributes to Snake Venom Neutralization by Mucuna pruriens Seeds through an Indirect Antibody-mediated Mechanism

Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Snake Envenomation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Opportunities and Challenges

Protein Characterization of Protein Bodies from Cotyledons of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC

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