Effects of Icelandic yogurt consumption and resistance training in healthy untrained older males

Abstract

Due to the important roles of resistance training and protein consumption in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, we assessed the efficacy of post-exercise Icelandic yogurt consumption on lean mass, strength, and skeletal muscle regulatory factors in healthy untrained older males. Thirty healthy untrained older males (age = 68 ± 4 yr) were randomly assigned to Icelandic yogurt (IR; n =15, 18 g of protein) or an iso-energetic placebo (PR; n =15, 0 g protein) immediately following resistance training (3x/week) for eight weeks. Before and after training, lean mass, strength, and skeletal muscle regulatory factors (insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1], transforming growth factor-beta 1 [TGF-β1], growth differentiation factor 15 [GDF15], Activin A, myostatin [MST], and follistatin [FST]) were assessed. There were group x time interactions (p < 0.05) for body mass (IR: Δ 1, PR: Δ 0.7 kg), body mass index (IR: Δ 0.3, PR: Δ 0.2 kg∙m−2), lean mass (IR: Δ 1.3, PR: Δ 0.6 kg), bench press (IR: Δ 4, PR: 2.3 kg), leg press (IR: Δ 4.2, PR: Δ 2.5 kg), IGF-1 (IR: Δ 0.5, Δ PR: 0.1 ng∙mL−1), TGF-β (IR: Δ −0.2, PR: Δ −0.1 ng∙mL−1), GDF15 (IR: Δ −10.3, PR: Δ −4.8 pg∙mL−1), Activin A (IR: Δ −9.8, PR: Δ −2.9 pg∙mL−1), MST (IR: Δ −0.1, PR: Δ −0.04 ng∙mL−1), and FST (IR: Δ 0.09, PR: Δ 0.03 ng∙mL−1), with Icelandic yogurt consumption resulting in greater changes compared to placebo. The addition of Icelandic yogurt consumption to a resistance training program improved lean mass, strength, and altered skeletal muscle regulatory factors in healthy untrained older males compared to placebo. Therefore, Icelandic yogurt as a nutrient-dense source and cost-effective supplement enhances muscular gains mediated by resistance training and consequently may be used as a strategy for the prevention of sarcopenia.

Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on body composition: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Investigation excluded from consideration comprised [ 1 ]: cross-sectional or case-control design [ 2 ], non-RCTs and literature reviews [ 3 ], ecological studies [ 4 ], control group manipulation of any sort [ 5 ], lack of a placebo or control group [ 6 ], performed on participants not meeting the minimum age criteria (<16 years), and [ 7 ] the combination of beta-alanine with other supplements when compared with a placebo group.…”

“…Various nutritional strategies are recommended to improve body composition by decreasing body fatness (both fat mass [FM] and body fat percentage [BFP]) and/or enhancing lean mass [ 1–3 ]. The use of protein sources, often combined with exercise training to improve body composition, is prevalent among both athletes and the general population [ 1 ]. Indeed, the beneficial effects of protein-rich foods, such as egg [ 1 ], milk [ 3 ], soy [ 2 ], and meat [ 4 ] on FM loss and lean mass gains are well established.…”

“…The use of protein sources, often combined with exercise training to improve body composition, is prevalent among both athletes and the general population [ 1 ]. Indeed, the beneficial effects of protein-rich foods, such as egg [ 1 ], milk [ 3 ], soy [ 2 ], and meat [ 4 ] on FM loss and lean mass gains are well established. Non-protein compounds are also used to improve body composition as evidence suggests they play important physiological roles, such as metabolic intermediates, biomolecular components, and post-translational modifiers [ 5 ].…”

Short-Term Effects of Low-Fat Chocolate Milk on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Performance in Players on a Women’s University Badminton Team

“…Post-exercise dietary protein ingestion has been recommended to maximize muscular performance and body composition [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. For instance, chocolate milk has been touted as an effective and accessible performance and recovery aid due to its mass availability, cost-effectiveness, and similar caloric content and carbohydrate–protein ratio as many commercially available (and more costly) recovery beverages [ 17 ].…”

The Combined Effects of 6 Weeks of Jump Rope Interval Exercise and Dark Chocolate Consumption on Antioxidant Markers in Obese Adolescent Boys

“…Beyond this peri-training nutrient intake standardization, all participants were instructed to avoid altering their dietary habits during the study. Participants (with the help of their parent/guardian) were asked to submit 3-day (2 weekdays and 1 weekend) food records prior to and near the end of their respective assigned intervention [ 38 ]. Each food item was individually entered into the Diet Analysis Plus version 10 program (Cengage, Boston, MA, USA), and total energy consumption and the nutrient breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates were assessed and included for analysis.…”