Effects of ileal infusions of nutrients on motor patterns of canine small intestine

Abstract

In the present study, effects of ileal infusions of nutrients on motor patterns of the proximal small intestine and on gastric emptying were investigated in dogs. An acaloric meal was administered orally, and equicaloric loads of amino acids, oleate, and glucose were infused into the ileum at different doses (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 kJ/min). The computerized analysis of motor patterns was focused on the differentiation between stationary and propagated contractions recorded by closely spaced extraluminal strain gauges. All three nutrients exerted inhibitory effects on gastric emptying and on contraction force and frequency of the proximal small intestine. Additionally, the propulsive motor pattern induced by the acaloric meal was modulated by reducing the number of contraction waves and their length of spread. All the effects were dose dependent. Among the three nutrients, glucose significantly changed motility at lower doses compared with amino acids and oleate. We conclude that in dogs the ileal brake mechanism is induced by all three nutrients and that it influences not only contraction force and frequency but also the motor patterns of the proximal small intestine.

Enzyme-Synthesized Highly Branched Maltodextrins Have Slow Glucose Generation at the Mucosal α-Glucosidase Level and Are Slowly Digestible In Vivo

“…SDS has drawn recent interest, because foods containing SDS are considered to have a low-glycemic index (GI) with extended glucose release [2], [3], and may be particularly important for individuals having diabetes and pre-diabetes [4], [5]. Also, glucose release from glycemic carbohydrates (including starch and maltose) in the ileum stimulates the “ileal break” which is known to decrease gastric emptying that is related to food intake control and satiety levels [6], [7]. SDS-containing ingredients or foods are difficult to achieve, and are often transient in nature due to processing and storage conditions.…”

Short‐chain fatty acids present in the ileum inhibit fasting gastrointestinal motility in conscious pigs

“…Besides these local interactions, the ileal activation by triglycerides and other nutrients inhibits also gastric emptying and motility 7 . 8 Despite the presence of colonic SCFAs within the distal ileum as a result of caeco‐ileal reflux, a similar reflex involving ileal SCFAs acting on gastric motility has not been investigated.…”

The effect of a total colectomy on the motor inhibition of the upper gut induced by intraileal stimuli in conscious dogs

“…The concentrations of the test materials and the methods of administration (infusion or bolus) were determined from previous reports. 3,9,10,14 Each of the 50-ml infusions was delivered with a syringe pump at a constant speed of 1.7 ml/min via a silicone catheter placed in the ileal lumen. Regarding the administration of capsaicin, 10 mg capsaicin dissolved in 10 ml saline was injected as a bolus into the ileum.…”

“…[1][2][3] One mechanism for this motor inhibitory effect is the release of peptides from the ileal mucosa which mediates the response. The increased levels of peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 in the plasma are closely associated with the inhibition of upper gastrointestinal motility.…”

“…7,8 The test materials to induce ileal brake in dogs, such as fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids, were reported previously. 3,9 Although butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, inhibited postprandial gastric motility in pigs via an increase in plasma PYY, 10 it is not known whether this agent is capable of inducing a similar motor inhibitory response also in dogs. We previously reported that stimulation of the afferent nerves by intraileal capsaicin also inhibited interdigestive and postprandial upper gastrointestinal motility in conscious dogs.…”