Effects of immunization against an autocrine inhibitor of milk secretion in lactating goats.

Wilde, Colin J.; Addey, Caroline; Peaker, M.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021230

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The fact that fat concentration did not vary significantly seems in agreement with the reports of Wilde et al (1988Wilde et al ( , 1996, who stated that the FIL is involved in the modulation of the synthesis of all the major components of milk, so that the composition of milk would not be affected by changes in milking frequency.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Instead, the concentration of protein was significantly higher in ODM than TDM udder halves in Sarda and Merino breeds. So it appears that the reports of Wilde et al (1988Wilde et al ( , 1996 that milk composition would be unaffected by changes in the milking frequency cannot be applied in the same manner to fat and protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sheep (Pulina, 1990;Bencini, 1993) and cattle (Stanton et al, 1992), the concentrations of fat and protein are lowest at the peak of lactation when the rate of synthesis of lactose is maximal, possibly because the rates of synthesis of protein and fat cannot keep up with that of lactose. However, Wilde et al (1988Wilde et al ( , 1996 reported that, in dairy goats highly selected for milk production, the FIL acts equally on all milk components so that the composition of the milk does not vary when the frequency of milking is altered. In sheep, there have been few studies on the effects of milking frequencies on fat and protein production, and they reported contradictory results (Morag, 1968;Casu and Boyazoglu, 1974;Battaglini and De Maria, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Yield and Composition of Milk in Sarda, Awassi, and Merino Sheep Milked Unilaterally at Different Frequencies

Nudda

Bencini

Mijatovic

et al. 2002

Journal of Dairy Science

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Sarda (n = 8), Awassi (n = 8), and Merino (n = 8) ewes were subjected unilaterally to once-daily milking (ODM) or twice daily milking (TDM) to test the hypothesis that the two breeds highly selected for milk production (Sarda and Awassi) would not respond as much to a change in the frequency of milking as the Merino, a wool sheep that has not been selected for dairy production. Milk composition and somatic cell count (SCC) were also assessed to determine if the changes in milking frequency affected milk quality. Milk yield was 24% and 18% lower in ODM udder halves than TDM udder halves in Sarda and Awassi breeds, respectively. The yield loss due to ODM was similar to that observed in Merino ewes (23%) and did not support our hypothesis. Fat content did not differ significantly in any breeds between ODM and TDM udder halves. Protein content was higher in the milk of ODM than TDM udder halves in Sarda and Merino ewes. The SCC was influenced by milking treatment only in the Sarda ewes, with high values observed in the milk of ODM udder halves. The same trend was observed in the Awassi and Merino breeds, but the differences were not significant. The effects on milk yield, composition, and SCC caused by ODM were completely reversed when TDM was resumed. This suggests that in sheep flocks the milk yield losses due to short-time suppression of one daily milking, for example, on festive days, are low and temporary.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Yield and Composition of Milk in Sarda, Awassi, and Merino Sheep Milked Unilaterally at Different Frequencies

Nudda

Bencini

Mijatovic

et al. 2002

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…The protein, which has been named FIL (feedback inhibitor of lactation), also inhibited milk secretion reversibly when added to milk in the goat's udder (Wilde et al 1995). Active immunization against FIL in lactating goats produced a temporary reversal of the decline in milk production that normally occurs in late lactation (Wilde et al 1996). FIL is synthesized in the same mammary epithelial cells that synthesize other milk constituents, and so feedback inhibition is an autocrine mechanism, that is, the luminal epithelial cells secrete an inhibitor of their own secretory activity.…”

Section: Milking Frequency and Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammary apoptosis and lactation persistency in dairy animals

Stefanon

Colitti

Gabai

et al. 2002

Journal of Dairy Research

127

123

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The decline in milk yield after peak lactation in dairy animals has long been a biological conundrum for the mammary biologist, as well as a cause of considerable lost income for the dairy farmer. Recent advances in understanding the control of the mammary cell population now offer new insights on the former, and a potential means of alleviating the latter. The weight of evidence now indicates that a change in mammary cell number, the result of an imbalance between cell proliferation and cell removal, is a principal cause of declining production. Further, it suggests that the persistency of lactation, the rate of decline in milk yield with stage of lactation, is strongly influenced by the rate of cell death by apoptosis in the lactating gland. Mammary apoptosis was first demonstrated during tissue involution after lactation, but has now been detected during lactation, in mammary tissue of lactating mice, goats and cattle. Those factors that determine the rate of cell death by apoptosis are as yet poorly characterized, but include the frequency of milking in lactating goats. Initial evidence suggests that nutrition also is likely to influence cell survival after peak lactation, an important factor being the degree of oxidative stress imposed by feed and the tissue's ability to deal with, and prevent damage by, reactive oxygen species. Comparison of cows in calf or not pregnant during declining lactation also indicates a likely influence of reproductive hormones, with oestradiol and progesterone acting to preserve mammary ductal and alveolar integrity during the dry period, while allowing a degree of apoptosis and cell replacement. In each case, the molecular mechanisms controlling mammary cell survival (or otherwise) are as yet poorly defined. On the other hand, more persistent lactations are likely to benefit animal welfare through fewer calvings and by placing less emphasis on maximal production at peak lactation, and modelling of persistent lactation with longer calving intervals indicates their likely economic benefits. In these circumstances, there is considerable incentive to elucidate the determinants of mammary apoptosis, and the factors controlling the dynamic balance between cell proliferation and cell death in the lactating mammary gland

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“…Next, we investigated the relationship between SCC and S. aureus counts and SCC and the proportion of cytokeratin-positive cells in the milk of mastitis models; however, the correlations in these relationships were not significant (Figs 3,4). Previous studies demonstrated that the SCC in milk is affected by many factors, such as cattle species, milk production level, and lactation stage, among others ( (Wilde et al 1996;Long et al 2001), little is known about the effect of intramammary-infected bacterial loads on MEC exfoliation into milk in mastitis caused by S. aureus. Next, we examined by flow cytometry analysis the proportion of cytokeratin-positive cells, specifically MEC, in SCC after S. aureus infusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exfoliation rate of mammary epithelial cells in milk on bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is associated with bacterial load

Nagasawa

Kiku

Sugawara

et al. 2017

Animal Science Journal

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The exfoliation rate of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in milk is affected by physiological, breeding and environmental factors. Little is known about the relationship between the MEC exfoliation into milk and mammary-infected Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) load on bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between S. aureus load and the proportion of MEC exfoliation in milk using five substantial bovine mastitis models. In 64 randomly extracted milk samples from udders at 3-21 days after S. aureus infusion, there were various samples with different numbers of S. aureus counts and somatic cell counts. No significant correlations were found between the S. aureus counts and somatic cell count (r = 0.338). In contrast, a significant correlation was noted between S. aureus counts and the proportion of cytokeratin-positive cells in the milk from the infused udders (r = 0.734, P < 0.01). In conclusion, the increasing MEC exfoliation rate in milk from mastitis udders caused by S. aureus may contribute to reduced milk yield.

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Effects of immunization against an autocrine inhibitor of milk secretion in lactating goats.

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

The Yield and Composition of Milk in Sarda, Awassi, and Merino Sheep Milked Unilaterally at Different Frequencies

The Yield and Composition of Milk in Sarda, Awassi, and Merino Sheep Milked Unilaterally at Different Frequencies

Mammary apoptosis and lactation persistency in dairy animals

Exfoliation rate of mammary epithelial cells in milk on bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is associated with bacterial load

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