Effects of imposed feed intake variation on acidosis and performance of finishing steers.

Cooper, Rob; Klopfenstein, Terry J.; Stock, Rick; Milton, Charles; Herold, Dan; Parrott, J. C.

doi:10.2527/1999.7751093x

Cited by 87 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Our results for total daily meal-time, meal frequency and eating rate are similar to those reported in a series of experiments working with steers by Putnam and Davis (1963) who fed 24% ground forage (15-min meal criterion), and Chase et al (1976) who fed 28% chopped hay (20-min meal criterion). However, other researchers have reported a much higher daily meal-time, size and length than the present trial when working with steers fed around 10% forage in diets and when using a 20-min meal criterion (Cooper et al, 1999;Erickson et al, 2003). Results are difficult to compare because of different experimental conditions and the selection of the meal criterion may affect the estimation of all these variables (Tolkamp and Kyriazakis, 1999).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…For example, ruminating time decreased linearly in a period of time when ruminal pH reached the nadir, from 12 to 14 h. Rumination is necessary during this time to increase saliva production, which buffers the rumen (Bailey and Balch, 1961). Meal size increased linearly during the 4 h following feeding, which may negatively affect ruminal pH and its post-prandial drop, as suggested by Allen (1997), Owens et al (1998), andCooper et al (1999). However, there is little doubt about the buffering effect of bicarbonate in the rumen (Kohn and Dunlap, 1998), which was supported in the present study by the finding that despite increasing buffer level, increased meal size during the 4 h post-feeding and drop in pH was attenuated (Gonzá lez et al, 2008).…”

Section: Drinking Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Increasing sodium bicarbonate level in high-concentrate diets for heifers. II. Effects on chewing and feeding behaviors

González

Ferret

Manteca

et al. 2008

Animal

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Four Holstein heifers (264 6 12 kg initial BW) were used in a 4 3 4 Latin square design with 21-day experimental periods to determine the effect of increasing levels of sodium bicarbonate (BICARB) (0%, 1.25%, 2.5% and 5%, of concentrate dry matter (DM) basis) on chewing and feed intake behavior when fed high-concentrate diets. Concentrate (13.41% CP, 13.35% NDF) and barley straw were fed once a day at 0830 h ad libitum. Feed bunks placed on scales and video recording were used to measure 24-h feed intake and chewing behavior, respectively. The patterns of feeding behavior (feed intake, meal size and length) and chewing behavior (eating, ruminating and total chewing) were studied by dividing the day into 12 intervals of 2-h each, beginning at feeding (interval 1 through 12). Number of meals per day and eating rate decreased linearly with increasing buffer level, but meal length increased linearly. No treatment effects were observed in sum of daily meal lengths or average meal size. The treatment 3 interval interaction was significant on meal size, length and feed intake. The size and length of those meals occurring during the 4 h post-feeding increased linearly. However, meal size tended to decrease in the evening between 8 and 12 h, whereas feed intake decreased linearly from 6 to 10 h and from 12 to 14 h post-feeding. Buffer concentration did not affect the percentage of time spent ruminating, eating or drinking per day but the buffer level 3 interval interaction was significant. Time spent eating expressed as min per kg of DM or organic matter (OM) intake increased linearly with buffer levels. Proportion of time spent eating increased linearly during the intervals between 0 and 4 h post-feeding. Time spent ruminating decreased linearly during the 2 h post-feeding, and also in the evening from 12 to 14 h, and at night from 18 to 22 h post-feeding, but the effect was quadratic between 8 and 10 h when intermediate buffer levels showed the greatest ruminating time. Time spent drinking decreased linearly from 6 to 8 h but increased during the 2 h following feeding and from 10 to 12 h post-feeding. Daily eating rate and meal frequency decreased linearly as the buffer level increased, but average meal size and daily chewing times were not affected. However, significant time of the day 3 buffer level interactions were observed for feed intake, meal size and length and chewing behavior.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Drinking Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 77%

Increasing sodium bicarbonate level in high-concentrate diets for heifers. II. Effects on chewing and feeding behaviors

González

Ferret

Manteca

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Ruminal pH variance and area below 5.6 were calculated as described by Cooper et al (1999). method 996.11) utilizing a commercially available total starch assay procedure kit (Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland), and EE or fat (Folch et al, 1957).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and digestibility characteristics of finishing diets containing distillers grains, composites of corn processing coproducts, or supplemental corn oil1

Pol

Luebbe

Crawford

et al. 2009

Journal of Animal Science

133

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ABSTRACT:Three experiments evaluated the lipids in distillers grains plus solubles compared with corn or other sources of lipid in finishing diets. Experiment 1 utilized 60 individually fed yearling heifers (349 ± 34 kg) fed treatments consisting of 0, 20, or 40% (DM basis) wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS), or 0, 2.5, or 5.0% (DM basis) corn oil in a finishing diet based on high-moisture corn (HMC) and dry-rolled corn (DRC). Cattle fed 20 and 40% WDGS had greater (P < 0.10) G:F than cattle fed 0% WDGS. Cattle fed the 5.0% corn oil had lower overall performance than cattle fed the other diets. Results from Exp. 1 indicated that adding fat from WDGS improves performance, whereas supplementing 5.0% corn oil depressed G:F, suggesting that the fat within WDGS is different than corn oil. Experiment 2 used 234 yearling steers (352 ± 16 kg) fed 1 of 5 treatments consisting of 20 or 40% (DM basis) dry distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS), 1.3% or 2.6% (DM basis) tallow, or HMC. All diets contained 20% (DM basis) wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) as a method of controlling acidosis. No differences between treatments for any performance parameters were observed in Exp. 2. The DDGS may be similar to tallow and HMC in finishing diets containing 20% WCGF. Experiment 3 used 5 Holstein steers equipped with ruminal and duodenal cannulas in a 5 5 Latin square design. Treatments were a 40% WDGS diet, 2 composites, one consisting of corn bran and corn gluten meal (COMP), and one consisting of corn bran, corn gluten meal, and corn oil (COMP + OIL), and 2 DRC-based diets supplemented with corn oil (CON + OIL) or not (CON). Cattle fed the WDGS diet had numerically lower rumen pH compared with cattle fed other treatments.Cattle fed WDGS had greater (P < 0.10) molar proportions of propionate, lower (P < 0.10) acetate:propionate ratios, greater (P < 0.10) total tract fat digestion, and a greater (P < 0.10) proportion of unsaturated fatty acids reaching the duodenum than cattle fed other treatments.Therefore, the higher energy value of WDGS compared with corn may be due to more Page 2 of 38 Journal of Animal Science 3 propionate production, higher fat digestibility, and more unsaturated fatty acids reaching the duodenum.

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“…and Cooper et al (1999) proved that sheep fed grain preferred rations that contain NaHCO 3 to avoid acidosis. If bulls adjust their pattern to avoid ruminal acidosis when physical structure supply is marginal, is unkown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of double-muscling and of removing maize silage, fed besides concentrates, on the chewing behaviour of bulls

Campeneere¹,

Herck²,

Fiems³

et al. 2004

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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To determine if beef bulls adjust their chewing pattern to avoid ruminal acidosis, the chewing behaviour of double-muscled (dm) and non-dm bulls was studied with a concentrate based diet, with and without maize silage. Conformation (dm or not) did not infl uence the chewing behaviour. Daily rumination time was more strongly affected by the roughage portion than the daily eating time. Removing the maize silage induced a shift towards more rumination during the night. Conclusively, bulls did not adjust their chewing pattern to the acidotic rumen load.

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Effects of imposed feed intake variation on acidosis and performance of finishing steers.

Cited by 87 publications

References 7 publications

Increasing sodium bicarbonate level in high-concentrate diets for heifers. II. Effects on chewing and feeding behaviors

Increasing sodium bicarbonate level in high-concentrate diets for heifers. II. Effects on chewing and feeding behaviors

Performance and digestibility characteristics of finishing diets containing distillers grains, composites of corn processing coproducts, or supplemental corn oil1

Effect of double-muscling and of removing maize silage, fed besides concentrates, on the chewing behaviour of bulls

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