Effects of in vitro exposure to GSM900 electromagnetic field on human erythrocytes

Kouzmanova, Margarita; Atanasova, Gabriela; Atanasov, Nikolay; Tasheva, S.

doi:10.1007/s10669-007-9078-8

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Accumulation of free hemoglobin in the body can cause many health issues, including heart disease or kidney stones [ 36 ]. Several previous studies reported changes in the stability of cell membranes [ 24 , 37 ] after irradiation of the erythrocyte suspensions with EMFs. To investigate the effects of EMF emitted by a textile wearable antenna on the stability of human erythrocyte membranes, we performed in vitro experiments at the variation of two important independent parameters: antenna input power and irradiation time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous experiments, we observed a statistically significant decrease in the quantity of the released hemoglobin during exposure of human erythrocytes to 900 MHz EMF (40% Ht, GSM900 EMF, 20 min) and during the first hour after the end of the treatment. The level of applied EM radiation was low enough to be considered non-thermal [ 37 ]. Moreover, data on the effects of EMF on hemolysis in available literature were contradictory.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As can be seen, current in vitro studies on RBCs [ 29 , 31 , 37 , 43 ] have not provided data for the correct estimation of the disruption of the RBCs membranes under real-life exposure conditions. In [ 29 , 31 , 37 ], SAR was not assessed. Although [ 40 , 41 ] provided data for average SAR, only high exposure levels were used to determine the change in the RBCs membranes and A172 cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, a comparison of the results and exposure conditions of these in vitro experiments with other similar in vitro experiments reported recently in the literature is given in Table 5 to highlight the novelty of the studies in this work. As can be seen, current in vitro studies on RBCs [29,31,37,43] have not provided data for the correct estimation of the disruption of the RBCs membranes under real-life exposure conditions. In [29,31,37], SAR was not assessed.…”

Section: Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Wearable Antennas for Sensor Networks and IoT Applications: Evaluation of SAR and Biological Effects

Atanasov

Atanasova

Angelova

et al. 2022

Sensors

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In recent years, there has been a rapid development in the wearable industry. The growing number of wearables has led to the demand for new lightweight, flexible wearable antennas. In order to be applicable in IoT wearable devices, the antennas must meet certain electrical, mechanical, manufacturing, and safety requirements (e.g., specific absorption rate (SAR) below worldwide limits). However, the assessment of SAR does not provide information on the mechanisms of interaction between low-intensity electromagnetic fields emitted by wearable antennas and the human body. In this paper, we presented a detailed investigation of the SAR induced in erythrocyte suspensions from a fully textile wearable antenna at realistic (net input power 6.3 mW) and conservative (net input power 450 mW) conditions at 2.41 GHz, as well as results from in vitro experiments on the stability of human erythrocyte membranes at both exposure conditions. The detailed investigation showed that the 1 g average SARs were 0.5758 W/kg and 41.13 W/kg, respectively. Results from the in vitro experiments demonstrated that the short-term (20 min) irradiation of erythrocyte membranes in the reactive near-field of the wearable antenna at 6.3 mW input power had a stabilizing effect. Long-term exposure (120 min) had a destabilizing effect on the erythrocyte membrane.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Wearable Antennas for Sensor Networks and IoT Applications: Evaluation of SAR and Biological Effects

Atanasov

Atanasova

Angelova

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Assessment of Energy Absorption and Hemolysis of RBCs Due to a Wearable Antenna

Atanasova

Angelova

Kouzmanova

et al. 2021

2021 29th National Conference With International Participation (TELECOM)

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Alterations in membrane stability after in vitro exposure of human erythrocytes to 2.41 GHz electromagnetic field

Angelova¹,

Atanasova²,

Atanasov³

et al. 2023

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The growing use of wireless communication devices has been significantly increasing the level of high frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in the environment, which raises a concern for possible deleterious effects on living organisms. Long lasting exposure to low-intensity EMFs can cause effects on the molecular and cellular level, and a number of morphological and physiological changes. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of 2.41 GHz EMF emitted by wireless communication systems on human erythrocytes after in vitro irradiation. The amount of the hemoglobin released from the cells was measured as an indicator for membrane destabilization. Effects of different exposure times (20 min or 4 h) and time elapsed after exposure to 2.41 GHz pulsed or continuous EMFs with different intensities, emitted from a textile (0.213–0.238 V/m) or a dipole (5, 20, 40 and 180 V/m) antenna, were investigated. The obtained results showed that the low intensity EMF had no significant effect on the hemoglobin release from irradiated cells; even a slight tendency for membrane stabilization was noticed 3–4 hours after the end of 20-min exposure to 0.213–0.238 V/m, 2.41 GHz EMF. There was no difference in the effects of continuous and pulsed EMFs. Increased hemoglobin release was observed only during the 4-hour exposure to 180 V/m, 2.41 GHz continuous EMF. Under these conditions, the temperature of the cell suspension had been rising, so we compared the results obtained under EMF with the effects of conventional heating. Moreover, after 1-hour exposure to 180 V/m the released hemoglobin level was a bit higher than the control one but the difference disappears within an hour after terminating the irradiation. In conclusion, the in vitro exposure to 2.41 GHz EMF emitted by wireless communication devices with power density below the reference level for population exposure does not change the stability of the cell membrane of human erythrocytes.

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Effects of in vitro exposure to GSM900 electromagnetic field on human erythrocytes

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Wearable Antennas for Sensor Networks and IoT Applications: Evaluation of SAR and Biological Effects

Wearable Antennas for Sensor Networks and IoT Applications: Evaluation of SAR and Biological Effects

Assessment of Energy Absorption and Hemolysis of RBCs Due to a Wearable Antenna

Alterations in membrane stability after in vitro exposure of human erythrocytes to 2.41 GHz electromagnetic field

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Effects of in vitro exposure to GSM900 electromagnetic field on human erythrocytes

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Wearable Antennas for Sensor Networks and IoT Applications: Evaluation of SAR and Biological Effects

Wearable Antennas for Sensor Networks and IoT Applications: Evaluation of SAR and Biological Effects

Assessment of Energy Absorption and Hemolysis of RBCs Due to a Wearable Antenna

﻿Alterations in membrane stability after in vitro exposure of human erythrocytes to 2.41 GHz electromagnetic field

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Alterations in membrane stability after in vitro exposure of human erythrocytes to 2.41 GHz electromagnetic field