Effects of ‘inactive’ ingredients on bees

Mullin, Christopher A.

doi:10.1016/j.cois.2015.05.006

Cited by 73 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Adjuvants enhance penetration and fixation to improve efficiency by reducing dispersion (Mullin et al, 2016). However, this combination has adverse physiological effects on non-target organisms, suggesting a negative point (Mesnage et al, 2014;Mullin, 2015). In this sense, Mesnage et al (2013) reported that mixing pesticides with adjuvants may alter toxicity of pesticides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Fenpyroximate, Difenoconazole and Mineral Oil on Apis mellifera L. Introduction

et al. 2018

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Bees of genus Apis are the main crop pollinators; however, the use of pesticides in agriculture may intoxicate them during foraging. In this study, we evaluated the toxic eff ects caused by difenoconazole (fungicide), fenpyroximate (acaricide) and mineral oil (adjuvant) used alone and associated (pesticide + adjuvant) on workers of Apis mellifera L. Bees were exposed to product doses recommended by manufacturers, orally and in contact on a contaminated surface in a controlled environment. All products presented low lethality, both in isolation and combination (except for difenoconazole via contact), however, they all showed toxic effects. The results showed that combination of pesticides with adjuvant augmented toxic eff ects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Fenpyroximate, Difenoconazole and Mineral Oil on Apis mellifera L. Introduction

et al. 2018

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“…Initially, surfactants were assumed to be biologically inert with no direct or indirect harmful effects to honey bees [7,93]. However, studies show that certain surfactants may be toxic to honey bees [88,94,95], especially the organosilicone surfactants, which are reported to exhibit direct and indirect harmful effects to honey bees [5,7,94,96]. Nonetheless, the mechanism by which organosilicone surfactants indirectly affect honey bees, such as, impairing learning ability, is not known [5].…”

Section: Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pesticides and Adjuvants on the Honey Bee, Apis mellifera: An Updated Bibliographic Review

Cloyd¹

2020

Modern Beekeeping - Bases for Sustainable Production

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The European or western honey bee, Apis mellifera, pollinates approximately 75% of crop species in agricultural and horticultural production systems worldwide at a value of $170-$200 billion per year. While foraging for pollen and nectar in flowering plants, honey bees may be exposed to insecticides; however, they may also be exposed to a multitude of other pesticides and compounds including: fungicides, insect growth regulators, herbicides, and adjuvants. Previous and recent studies show that these pesticides and compounds are directly or indirectly harmful to honey bees, which could negatively impact pollination and colony health. Fungicides can directly and indirectly affect honey bees, and enhance the toxicity (synergize) of certain insecticides, thus increasing their toxic effects to honey bees. Insect growth regulators negatively affect larvae, which impacts brood production in honey bee colonies. Herbicides can indirectly affect honey bee populations by reducing the availability of flowering plants, which decreases pollen and nectar sources during foraging, and consequently reduces colony survival during the winter. Adjuvants, especially surfactants, are a component of pesticide formulations, and are indirectly harmful to honey bees. This book chapter provides a detailed discussion of the effects of fungicides, insect growth regulators, herbicides, and adjuvants on honey bees.

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“…Sometimes, in the case of small residues (usually when the victim has taken a long time to die), conclusions are based on the combined power of field, veterinary, and analytical evidence, interpreted on the basis of more than 30 years of investigations, in addition to published and experimental data (Brown et al, 2005). Recent studies emphasised that 'the formulation and not just the dose makes the poison' (Mullin et al, 2015), and that a lack of disclosure of formulation ingredients in major products limits risk analysis (Mullin, 2015). It was stated, that formulation will likely be a major influence in affecting both the toxicity and the environmental fate of pesticides.…”

Section: Symptoms Of Honeybee Poisoning -Definition Of Incidentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Poisoning of Honeybees: A Review of Symptoms, Incident Classification, and Causes of Poisoning

Kiljanek

Niewiadowska

Posyniak

2016

Journal of Apicultural Science

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During the 2000s, the problem of pesticide poisoning of honeybees seemed to be almost solved. The number of cases has decreased in comparison to the 1970s. The problem of acute honeybee poisoning, however, has not disappeared, but instead has transformed into a problem of poisoning from ‘traditional’ pesticides like organophosphorus pesticides or pyrethroids, to poisoning from additional sources of ‘modern’ systemic neonicotinoids and fipronil. In this article, the biological activity of pesticides was reviewed. The poisoning symptoms, incident definitions, and monitoring systems, as well as the interpretation of the analytical results, were also reviewed. The range of pesticides, and the detected concentrations of pesticides in poisoned honeybee samples, were reviewed. And, for the first time, cases of poisoning related to neonicotinoids were reviewed. The latter especially is of practical importance and could be helpful to analysts and investigators of honeybee poisoning incidents. It is assumed that secondary poisoning induced by plant collected materials contaminated with systemic pesticides occurs. Food stored in a hive and contaminated with systemic pesticides consumed continuously by the same generation of winter bees, may result in sub-lethal intoxication. This leads to abnormal behaviour identified during acute intoxication. The final result is that the bees discontinue their social role in the honeybee colony super organism, and colony collapse disorder (CCD) takes place. The process described above refers primarily to robust and strong colonies that were able to collect plenty of food due to effective plant protection.

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Effects of ‘inactive’ ingredients on bees

Cited by 73 publications

References 48 publications

Toxicity of Fenpyroximate, Difenoconazole and Mineral Oil on Apis mellifera L. Introduction

Toxicity of Fenpyroximate, Difenoconazole and Mineral Oil on Apis mellifera L. Introduction

Effects of Pesticides and Adjuvants on the Honey Bee, Apis mellifera: An Updated Bibliographic Review

Pesticide Poisoning of Honeybees: A Review of Symptoms, Incident Classification, and Causes of Poisoning

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