Effects of increased opportunity for physical exercise and learning experiences on recognition memory and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in brain and serum of rats

Vedovelli, Kelem; Silveira, Elizandro Oliveira; Velho, Eliane Maria Hoffmann; Stertz, Laura; Kapczinski, Flávio; Schröder, Nadja; Bromberg, Elke

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.012

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This appears to be in contrast with the findings of most studies on EE [15], [66]–[70]. However, there are also EE studies that have reported cognitive improvements without any changes in hippocampal BDNF levels [5], [53], [71]–[74], implicating that hippocampal BDNF is not essential for the observed cognition improvement found in EE animals. Of note, discrepancies between EE studies in morphological and biochemical effects can be caused by a variety of factors, such as; exercise level, strain, age, strain, EE protocols and differences in species of the animals involved in the studies [75].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…Additionally, laboratory rodents may not be suitable for testing cognition enhancing drugs because the impoverished environment in which the animals are raised does not enable the kind of natural brain development seen in humans. The testing of drugs that improve brain function should ideally be done in subjects that have a ‘normal’ brain development [2]–[5]. One way to achieve this is by testing drugs in animals raised in an enriched environment (EE), which has been shown to markedly reduce abnormal repetitive behaviors without affecting the precision or reproducibility of results [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simpson and Kelly [29]. Subsequently, we tested the acute effect of different doses of the cognition enhancer vardenafil on retention intervals of 24 h and 48 h. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that EE would enhance ORT performance [5], [9], [30]–[33] and alter the efficacy of vardenafil treatment. After the behavioral testing, brain plasticity was assessed with morphological and neurochemical signaling markers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PDE5 Inhibition Improves Object Memory in Standard Housed Rats but Not in Rats Housed in an Enriched Environment: Implications for Memory Models?

et al. 2014

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Drug effects are usually evaluated in animals housed under maximally standardized conditions. However, it is assumed that an enriched environment (EE) more closely resembles human conditions as compared to maximally standardized laboratory conditions. In the present study, we examined the acute cognition enhancing effects of vardenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, which stimulates protein kinase G/CREB signaling in cells, in three different groups of male Wistar rats tested in an object recognition task (ORT). Rats were either housed solitarily (SOL) or socially (SOC) under standard conditions, or socially in an EE. Although EE animals remembered object information longer in the vehicle condition, vardenafil only improved object memory in SOL and SOC animals. While EE animals had a heavier dorsal hippocampus, we found no differences between experimental groups in total cell numbers in the dentate gyrus, CA2–3 or CA1. Neither were there any differences in markers for pre- and postsynaptic density. No changes in PDE5 mRNA- and protein expression levels were observed. Basal pCREB levels were increased in EE rats only, whereas β-catenin was not affected, suggesting specific activation of the MAP kinase signaling pathway and not the AKT pathway. A possible explanation for the inefficacy of vardenafil could be that CREB signaling is already optimally stimulated in the hippocampus of EE rats. Since previous data has shown that acute PDE5 inhibition does not improve memory performance in humans, the use of EE animals could be considered as a more valid model for testing cognition enhancing drugs.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PDE5 Inhibition Improves Object Memory in Standard Housed Rats but Not in Rats Housed in an Enriched Environment: Implications for Memory Models?

et al. 2014

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“…Daily wheel running for 2 weeks [15] or increased physical exercise for 7 weeks [16] improved memory and learning performance in mice, although cognitive stimulation was also provided to the animals that had exercised in the latter study. A combination of physical and cognitive activities improved memory performance in rats when compared to either physical or cognitive activity alone and sedentary controls [17].…”

Section: Exercise Training and Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity, Cognitive Function, and Brain Health: What Is the Role of Exercise Training in the Prevention of Dementia?

2012

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The population of elderly adults in the US is growing, and the prevalence of age-related cognitive decline and dementia is expected to increase in turn. Effective and inexpensive interventions or preventive measures are necessary to attenuate the increased economic and social burden of dementia. This review will focus on the potential for physical activity and exercise training to promote brain health and improve cognitive function via neurophysiological changes. We will review pertinent animal and human research examining the effects of physical activity on cognitive function and neurophysiology. We will discuss cross-sectional and longitudinal studies addressing the relationship between neurocognitive health and cardiorespiratory fitness or habitual activity level. We will then present and discuss longitudinal investigations examining the effects of exercise training on cognitive function and neurophysiology. We will conclude by summarizing our current understanding of the relationship between physical activity and brain health, and present areas for future research given the current gaps in our understanding of this issue.

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“…Serum samples were separated and frozen at 80 o C until analysis. Serum BDNF levels were determined by sandwich-ELISA using BDNF-specific monoclonal antibodies, as described previously 21 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, United States). Briefly, microtiter (96-well flat-bottom) plates were coated overnight at room temperature with monoclonal anti-BDNF antibody (4 mg/mL in phosphate buffer solution (PBS)) (Laborclin, Paraná, Brazil).…”

Section: Sampling and Bdnf Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum BDNF levels in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder

Nery

Gigante

Amaral

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: Unaffected relatives of bipolar disorder (BD) patients have been investigated for the identification of endophenotypes in an attempt to further elucidate the pathophysiology of the disease. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is considered to be implicated in the pathophysiology of BD, but its role as an endophenotype has been poorly studied. We investigated abnormal serum BDNF levels in BD patients, in their unaffected relatives, and in healthy controls. Methods: BDNF levels were obtained from 25 DSM-IV bipolar I disorder patients, 23 unaffected relatives, and 27 healthy controls. All BD patients were in remission. The unaffected subjects were first-degree relatives of the proband who had no lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis of axis I disorder. BDNF serum levels were determined by sandwich ELISA using monoclonal BDNF-specific antibodies. Results: There were no statistical differences in BDNF levels among BD patients, relatives, and healthy controls. Conclusion: Serum BDNF levels may not indicate high genetic risk for BD, possibly acting as state markers rather than trait markers of the disease.

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Effects of increased opportunity for physical exercise and learning experiences on recognition memory and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in brain and serum of rats

Cited by 23 publications

References 70 publications

PDE5 Inhibition Improves Object Memory in Standard Housed Rats but Not in Rats Housed in an Enriched Environment: Implications for Memory Models?

PDE5 Inhibition Improves Object Memory in Standard Housed Rats but Not in Rats Housed in an Enriched Environment: Implications for Memory Models?

Physical Activity, Cognitive Function, and Brain Health: What Is the Role of Exercise Training in the Prevention of Dementia?

Serum BDNF levels in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder

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