Effects of increasing concentrate energy supply on the performance of loose-housed dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets

Kuoppala, Kaisa; Yrjänen, Satu; Jaakkola, Seija; Kangasniemi, Reima; Sariola, Juha; Khalili, Hannele

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(03)00119-2

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There are two possible reasons for this: firstly, the high levels of dietary concentrate supplementation of the stabled camels compared to the grazing camels. This is consistent with previous reports on dairy cattle, where increasing the concentrate to roughage ratio was observed to increase milk production substantially (Kuoppala et al 2004), DM and energy intake (Beyero et al 2015), and apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, CF, NDF and ADF fractions (Beyero et al 2015), while decreasing the growth of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria (Grant and Mertens, 1992) and milk fat percentage (Bauman et al 2008). The high level of concentrate in the diet gives rise to more propionic acid instead of acetic acid in the rumen, which in turn promotes partitioning of energy towards synthesis of body fat instead of milk fat, resulting ultimately in decreased milk fat (McDonald et al 2010).…”

Section: Influence Of the Management Systemsupporting

confidence: 93%

Influence of management type and stage of lactation on the performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy camels (Camelus dromedaries)

et al. 2018

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The current research paper addresses the hypothesis that management system (grazing vs. stabling) and/or stage of lactation (early- to late-lactation) can influence the lactation performance and milk fatty acid (MFA) profile in dromedary camels. The results obtained revealed that milk and protein yields of stabled camels were higher, while milk fat content was lower compared to grazing camels. In addition, stabled camels produced milk richer in short- and medium-chains fatty acids but lower in long-chain fatty acids and fatty acids linked with possible health benefits such as oleic acid, vaccenic acid (VA) and rumenic acid (RA), when compared to grazing camels. Moreover, atherogenicity index was higher, while overall Δ9-desaturase and health-promoting indices were lower in stabled camels. In a similar way, results demonstrated an increase in milk fat and protein contents as lactation advanced. In fact, camels at mid-lactation produced milk richer in short- and medium-chain fatty acids as well as total saturated fatty acids but poorer in oleic acid, VA, RA, long-chain fatty acids and total unsaturated fatty acids, when compared to milk samples collected at early stage of lactation. Moreover, compared to early- and late-lactations, atherogenicity index was higher while overall-Δ9-desaturase and health promoting indexes were lower at mid-lactation. In conclusion, the intensive stabling system and mid-lactation stage can alter lactation performance and MFA profile in dairy dromedary camels.

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Section: Influence Of the Management Systemsupporting

confidence: 93%

Influence of management type and stage of lactation on the performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy camels (Camelus dromedaries)

et al. 2018

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“…Moorby et al (2006) reported that an increase in milk yield of nearly 8 kg/day was observed when dietary energy intake was increased along with increased DMI (>7 kg/day) by increasing concentrate to forage ratio from 20 : 80 to 65 : 35. A similar increase in milk yield with increased energy intake was also reported in two other studies (Rinne et al 1999;Kuoppala et al 2004). The milk yield increments observed in the present Latin square study were not as high as those observed by the above researchers, probably due mainly to feed intake restriction.…”

Section: Effect Of Dietary Neutral Detergent Fibre : Crude Protein Rasupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of dietary neutral detergent fibre to protein ratio on duodenal microbial nitrogen flow and nitrogen losses in lactating cows fed high-concentrate total mixed rations with different forage combinations

et al. 2015

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SUMMARYThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) : crude protein (CP) ratio on duodenal microbial crude protein (MCP) flow and nitrogen (N) losses. The study was completed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with five lactating Holstein dairy cows and 5 high-concentrate total mixed rations (TMR) with different forage combinations, typical for Northern China. The rations with a fixed forage-to-concentrate ratio (39 : 61) resulted in different dietary NDF : CP ratios: TMR1 3·03 : 1 (428·2 g NDF/kg : 141·4 g CP/kg); TMR2 2·74 : 1 (392·7 g NDF/kg : 143·2 g CP/kg); TMR3 2·55 : 1 (368·3 g NDF/kg : 144·4 g CP/kg); TMR4 1·84 : 1 (304·8 g NDF/kg : 165·8 g CP/kg); TMR5 1·60 : 1 (285·0 g NDF/kg : 178·0 g CP/kg). Rumen content, milk, blood, urine and faeces were sampled on the last 3 days of five 18-day periods. Purine derivatives in the urine samples were determined to estimate rumen MCP flow into the small intestine. Milk yield and milk protein yield increased linearly with decreasing dietary NDF : CP ratio although slight differences in dry matter intake were observed due to feed intake restriction. Diurnal ammonia N in the rumen and duodenal MCP flow increased linearly, but blood urea N, urinary N and faecal N linearly decreased with decreasing dietary NDF : CP ratio. The enhanced N utilization in the maize-silage-based TMRs (TMR4–5) in comparison with maize-stover-based TMRs (TMR1–3) increased milk yield and the synthesis of milk protein instead of milk fat in the lactating cows, probably due to high transfer of ammonia N into rumen MCP with a considerable increase of dietary non-fibre carbohydrate content and the decrease of NDF : CP ratio. The present results indicate that not only increasing dietary non-structural carbohydrate content but also adjusting the ratio of structural carbohydrate to CP ratio are important diet formulation strategies for mitigating N losses in lactating cows.

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“…The consequence of increased feed intake with increasing concentrate inclusion in the diet was a significant increase in milk yield (of 7.7 kg/d, or 45% in proportional terms). This was expected, because increased milk yields are a common (Hansen et al, 1991;Rinne et al, 1999;Yang et al, 2001), but not inevitable (Kuoppala et al, 2004), result of increasing the proportion of concentrate in the diet. Similarly, milk protein concentration is often found to be increased as concentrate intake increases (Mayne and Gordon, 1984;Rinne et al, 1999;Yang et al, 2001), as was found in the present study.…”

Section: Feed Intake and Milk Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was despite a significant (more than 2 kg/d) reduction in silage intake (−33%), although this was far outweighed by the (366%) increase in concentrate intake. Increased total DMI is often (Sloan et al, 1988;Friggens et al, 1998a;Kuoppala et al, 2004), but not always (Hansen et al, 1991), found when the concentrate portion of a dairy cow's diet is increased, and a substitution effect is frequently obtained with large changes in the F:C ratio. As a result of the relatively low quality of grass silage, the effect of concentrate intake in terms of a reduction of silage intake was quantitatively less important than the additive effect of concentrate intake, leading to greater total DMI at the high inclusion rates of concentrate in the diet, as indicated by Broster and Thomas (1981).…”

Section: Feed Intake and Milk Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dairy Cow Diet Forage Proportion on Duodenal Nutrient Supply and Urinary Purine Derivative Excretion

Moorby

Dewhurst

Evans

et al. 2006

Journal of Dairy Science

103

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Four mature Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square change-over design experiment made up of four 4-wk periods to investigate the relationship between microbial protein flow to the duodenum and excretion of purine derivatives (PD) in the urine. Four dietary treatments based on ad libitum access to ryegrass silage were offered, with a standard dairy concentrate included at different forage:concentrate (F:C) ratios, calculated on a dry matter basis: 80:20, 65:35, 50:50, and 35:65. Feed intakes increased as the proportion of concentrate in the diet increased, despite a concurrent decrease in silage intake. Increased feed intake led to increased nutrient flow to the duodenum. Milk yields increased as the diet F:C ratio decreased, with cows offered the 35:65 diet yielding nearly 8 kg/d more milk than cows offered the 80:20 diet; the concentrations of milk fat decreased and milk protein increased with a decreasing F:C ratio. Purine derivative excretion in the urine increased with an increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet, and there was a strong linear relationship between total PD excretion (allantoin and uric acid) and microbial N flow to the duodenum: microbial N (g/d) = 19.9 + 0.689 x total PD (mmol/d); R = 0.887. This strengthens the case for using PD excretion as a noninvasive marker of microbial protein flow from the rumen in dairy cows.

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Effects of increasing concentrate energy supply on the performance of loose-housed dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Influence of management type and stage of lactation on the performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy camels (Camelus dromedaries)

Influence of management type and stage of lactation on the performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy camels (Camelus dromedaries)

Effects of dietary neutral detergent fibre to protein ratio on duodenal microbial nitrogen flow and nitrogen losses in lactating cows fed high-concentrate total mixed rations with different forage combinations

Effects of Dairy Cow Diet Forage Proportion on Duodenal Nutrient Supply and Urinary Purine Derivative Excretion

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