Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum transition diets on reproduction and health in dairy cows

Degaris, PJ; Lean, I.J.; Rabiee, A.R.; Heuer, C

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00529.x

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The underlying physiology of the peri-parturient cow (Bell 1995), vulnerability to disease (Curtis et al 1983(Curtis et al , 1985 and methods of providing environments that result in better production and health have been extensively reviewed (Lean et al 2003). Prospective studies of dairy cattle exposed to transition diets found marked increases in milk production (DeGaris et al 2008;DeGroot et al 2010) and improved reproductive performance (DeGaris et al 2010a). The transition diets described in DeGaris et al (2008) provided increased dry matter (DM) intake, estimated energy and metabolisable protein balances that were positive, macro-and micro-elements that were formulated to meet or exceed National Research Council (2001) requirements and a negative dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) balance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing the future: interactions of skeleton, energy, protein and calcium during late gestation and early lactation

Lean

DeGaris²,

Celi

et al. 2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Marked improvements in milk production, health and reproduction have resulted from manipulations of the pre-calving diet. An understanding of the underlying physiological changes resulting from manipulation of late gestational diets is needed in order to refine and enhance these responses. The physiology of late gestation and early lactation of the dairy cow is examined in the context of exploring the hypothesis that changes in physiology occur not only through homeostatic, but also homeorhetic change. Studies in mice and man have identified a pivotal role for skeleton, particularly through production of active forms of osteocalcin, in integrating energy metabolism. Skeleton appears to particularly influence lipid metabolism and vice versa. Further insights into the factors influencing skeletal function and calcium (Ca) metabolism are emerging, including the potential for negative dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) diets to upregulate the responses of the skeleton in metabolism through increased bone mobilisation and in enhancing responses to parathyroid hormone. The rumen appears to be an important site of absorption of Ca, but physiological mechanisms influencing this uptake are not clear. We provide quantitative evidence of the magnitude of responses that reflect relationships linking Ca metabolism, skeleton and production, using meta-analytic methods. Negative DCAD diets increase milk production in multiparous cattle, but not in heifers. Further, examination of concentrations of metabolites related to energy metabolism obtained from cattle exposed to a negative DCAD diet over calving identified a dominant role for Ca concentrations, which were associated with blood-free fatty acids (NEFA), blood 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and cholesterol. These relationships were homeostatic, occurring on the same day, but also homeorhetic with concentrations of Ca and NEFA being significantly associated over 21 days. The findings in cattle are consistent with those in the murine models. However, Ca and the skeleton are not the only significant factors in the transition period influencing future performance as hormonal treatments, metabolic demands and sex of the conceptus, and inflammation and the factors controlling this play a role in future performance. Homeorhetic, longer-term, adaptive responses are critical to achieving orchestrated longer-term adaptive responses to calving and lactation. We consider that the teleological question ‘why would a bone-specific hormone (osteocalcin) regulate energy metabolism?’ is answered by the specific needs for integrated metabolism to address the extreme metabolic demands of lactation in many species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing the future: interactions of skeleton, energy, protein and calcium during late gestation and early lactation

Lean

DeGaris²,

Celi

et al. 2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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“…The role of the somatotropic axis needs examination and possibly re‐evaluation in the light of extended models of integrated metabolism involving bone. The present study and those on the production 4 and reproductive 5 responses to an integrated transition diet should provide the stimulus for further study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Higher BCS at calving has also been associated with reduced DMI 42 . Although the estimated metabolisable energy (ME) balance of the prepartum transition diet was 15 MJ/day, no change in BCS was detected from entry to the prepartum transition group to calving in the study cows or those enrolled in the larger study examining production and reproduction 4,5 . Further, the prepartum AUC NEFA was not influenced by increased days of exposure to the prepartum transition diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This study was designed to examine metabolism in dairy cattle exposed to a prepartum transition diet formulated to provide a positive energy and metabolisable protein (MP) balance, trace elements at National Research Council recommended levels and a negative dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) combined with a macro‐mineral profile suitable for control of milk fever and to reduce the risk of ruminal acidosis. The dairy cattle used in this study were a subpopulation of those in which the effects of prepartum transition diets on production 4 and reproduction and health 5 were investigated and reported previously.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum diets on the concentration of certain blood metabolites in dairy cows

et al. 2010

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The prepartum transition diet consisted of ryegrass pasture, cereal hay, grain, grain by-product, protein meals, BioChlor, rumen modifiers, minerals and vitamins and contained 13.9% crude protein, 10.0 MJ metabolisable energy/kg and a dietary cation anion difference of -35 meq/kg dry matter. Forty cows were bled bi-weekly from their introduction to the prepartum transition diet until day 35 of lactation. Blood samples were submitted for estimation of a range of metabolites. Cubic smoothed splines were fitted to scatterplots of metabolite concentration as a function of day relative to calving and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Linear regression modelling determined the effect of days exposed, age, body condition score (BSC) and calving day on AUC. Results The prepartum AUC of blood phosphorus and beta-hydroxybutyrate increased and the AUC of blood calcium and cholesterol decreased with increasing days exposed to the diet. The postpartum AUC of beta-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids decreased with increasing days exposed but increased with days exposed x age and days exposed x BCS, respectively. The AUC of other metabolites did not vary significantly with number of days exposed. Conclusions Increasing exposure to the prepartum diet significantly altered the AUC of blood metabolites associated with mineral, energy and protein metabolism in ways consistent with improvements in production and reproduction previously reported and the result suggests links between energy, protein and skeletal metabolism.

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“…Results of a prospective cohort study suggest that increasing access to a prepartum transition diet improved reproductive and health parameters in dairy herds 3 …”

Section: Production Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In this issue – March 2010

Jackson

2010

Aust Veterinary J

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Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum transition diets on reproduction and health in dairy cows

Abstract: Increasing exposure to a prepartum transition diet improved the calving to conception interval, tended to improve the odds of pregnancy and reduced the risk of culling of cattle, but increased the hazard of clinical mastitis.

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Influencing the future: interactions of skeleton, energy, protein and calcium during late gestation and early lactation

Influencing the future: interactions of skeleton, energy, protein and calcium during late gestation and early lactation

Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum diets on the concentration of certain blood metabolites in dairy cows

In this issue – March 2010

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