Effects of increasing standardized ileal digestible lysine during gestation on reproductive performance of gilts and sows

Thomas, L. L.; Goodband, Robert D.; Tokach, Mike D; Woodworth, J. C.; DeRouchey, Joel M.; Dritz, S. S.; Gonçalves, M. A. D.; Jones, Daniel B.

doi:10.1016/j.animal.2021.100221

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Another study in this area evaluated increases in the ingestion of SID Lys (11.0, 13.5, 16.0, 18.5 g/d) in primiparous and multiparous sows (22.2 and 24.3 MJ of net energy per day, respectively), showing that the percentage of liveborn piglets increased (p = 0.01) with a greater ingestion of SID Lys by the multiparous sows, though not the primiparous ones, due to a treatment-group interaction (p = 0.04) related to the percentage of stillborn piglets. These results suggest that 11 g/day of SID Lys is an adequate level for both primiparous and multiparous gestating sows, as it provided 18.5 g/day and reduced (p = 0.01) the rate of fetal death by 2.3 percent [78]. All these findings highlight the importance of optimal maternal nutrition during gestation and providing the correct amount of nutrients to meet the metabolic needs of sows and their fetuses.…”

Section: Diets Focused On Amino Acid Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Importance of Selected Nutrients and Additives in the Feed of Pregnant Sows for the Survival of Newborn Piglets

Islas-Fabila,

Roldán-Santiago,

de la Cruz-Cruz

et al. 2024

Animals

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This systematic review analyzed the effect of selected nutrients and additives in the feed of pregnant sows on the survival of newborn piglets. We analyzed 720 peer-reviewed publications in English in PubMed® and Web of Science®, dated July 2023 to January 2024, related to the effect of dietary supplementation with fatty acids and various percentages of protein, amino acids, and/or sources of dietary fiber on the offspring of gestating sows. While several papers evaluated the effect of nutrition on gestating sows, only a few delved into the distinct feeding strategies required at each stage of gestation to meet the NRC’s nutritional requirements for maternal tissue gain and postnatal neonatal survival and growth. This body of research suggests that as gestation progresses the sow’s nutritional requirements increase, as the NRC established, to satisfy their own metabolic needs and those of their fetuses. Additional research is needed to determine an optimal feeding strategy.

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Section: Diets Focused On Amino Acid Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Importance of Selected Nutrients and Additives in the Feed of Pregnant Sows for the Survival of Newborn Piglets

Islas-Fabila,

Roldán-Santiago,

de la Cruz-Cruz

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…Assuming this AA composition resembles the sow’s actual requirement, dietary treatment effects were attributable to the overall supply of protein and not to any single essential AA. However, it should be kept in mind that of the nine essential AA, Lys has been studied most extensively in gestating sows ( Samuel et al, 2012 ; Ramirez-Camba et al, 2020 ; Thomas et al, 2021 ; Farmer et al, 2022 , 2023 ), while only a few studies have been conducted on the other essential AA [methionine; Bin et al (2018) ; Xia et al (2019) , threonine; Dourmad and Étienne (2002) ; Levesque et al (2011) , tryptophan; Franco et al (2014) and isoleucine; Franco et al (2013) ]. According to Liebig’s law of minimum, the essential AA fed with the most deficit is the limiting factor for AA utilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal protein concentration in diets for sows during the transition period

Johannsen,

Sørensen,

Theil

et al. 2024

Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of present study was to determine the optimal concentration of dietary protein required in transition diets for multiparous sows that enhance the farrowing process, colostrum production, and subsequent lactation performance. Forty-eight multiparous sows were allotted to one of six dietary treatments according to bodyweight (290 ± 3 kg) and parity (3.8 ± 0.2) from d 108 of gestation until 24 h after the onset of farrowing. The diets were isoenergetic and contained increasing concentrations of dietary protein (expressed as standardized ileal digestible [SID] Lys) and were supplied at a daily feed supply of 3.8 kg. On d 108 of gestation and d 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of lactation, body weight and back fat depth were recorded, and blood was sampled on d 108 of gestation, at the onset of farrowing and d 3, 10, 17 and 24 of lactation from the sows for analysis of plasma metabolites. On d 115 of gestation, urine and feces were collected for nitrogen (N) balance. The number of liveborn and stillborn piglets and time of birth were recorded and blood from every fourth piglet was sampled at birth for blood gas analysis. Piglets were weighed individually from birth until weaning, to estimate the colostrum and milk yield of the sows. Colostrum and milk samples were collected, and their compositions were determined. On d 3 and 28 of lactation, sows were injected with deuterium oxide to estimate body composition. The N utilization was maximized when the concentration of SID Lys in the transition diet was 6.06 g/kg (P < 0.01). When urinary concentrations of urea were expressed relative to creatinine, the relative concentration of urea remained low until a dietary concentration of 6.08 g SID Lys/kg, above which the relative concentration of urea increased (P < 0.01). Stillbirth rate increased linearly with increasing SID Lys concentration in the transition diet (P < 0.001), thus the concentration of SID Lys should be kept as low as possible without impairing sow performance excessively. A carry-over effect on milk yield was observed, showing that a dietary SID Lys concentration of 5.79 g/kg during transition optimized milk production at an average yield of 13.5 kg/d (P = 0.04). Increasing loss of body fat in lactation was observed with increasing SID Lys concentration in the transition diet (P = 0.03). In conclusion, the transition diet of multiparous sows should contain 5.79 g SID Lys/kg when fed 3.8 kg/d (13.0 MJ ME/kg), for a total SID Lys intake of 22 g/d.

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“…According to 2.5 and 2.8 kg/d feed intake, the SID Lys requirements were converted to 0.44% and 0.58% in each gestation period. The increase in fetal growth and protein gain with advancing gestation is one of the reasons for the difference in requirements, as supported by empirical studies [ 3 , 24 , 27 ]. Samuel et al [ 3 ] estimated the SID Lys requirement during early gestation (days 24 to 45) and LG (days 86 to 110) using the indicator AA oxidation method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, the authors reported a decrease in the birth weight coefficient of variation when SID lysine was increased to 14.0 and 21.0 g/d before and after day 80 of gestation, respectively. Thomas et al [ 27 ] provided SID Lys (11.0 to 18.5 g/d) from day 5 to 111 of gestation and reported that the percentage of piglets born alive increased with increasing SID Lys intake, as a result of a reduction in the proportion of stillborn pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of pregnant sows under commercial conditions

Jo,

Kim

2023

Anim Biosci

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Objective: The present experiment aimed to determine standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) requirements for pregnant sows individually housed under commercial farm conditions.Methods: Two hundred multiparous sows (parity = 5.1±2.0) on day 42 of gestation were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with a balanced parity. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.22%, 0.32%, 0.42%, 0.52%, and 0.62% of SID Lys for the mid-gestation period (days 42 to 76) and 0.36%, 0.46%, 0.56%, 0.66%, and 0.76% of SID Lys for the late gestation period (days 77 to 103). All indispensable amino acids except Lys were provided at 110% of their requirement estimates. Daily feed allowance per sow was determined based on the back-fat thickness and body condition score at the second pregnancy check and on day 90 of gestation. Three different statistical models were used to estimate the SID Lys requirement.Results: Total born piglets alive per litter increased linearly and quadratically (p<0.001) as dietary SID Lys increased. For total born piglets alive per litter, the SID Lys requirement estimates ranged from 9.69 to 12.4 g/d for the mid-gestation period (1.19 to 1.52 g/Mcal metabolizable energy; 0.39% to 0.49%) and 14.6 to 17.4 g/d for the late gestation period (1.62 to 1.93 g/Mcal metabolizable energy; 0.52% to 0.62%).Conclusion: The mean values of the SID Lys requirement for the mid-gestation period and the late gestation period are 11.1 and 16.1 g/d (1.36 and 1.79 g/Mcal metabolizable energy; 0.44% and 0.58%), respectively, for maximal total born piglets alive per litter.

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Effects of increasing standardized ileal digestible lysine during gestation on reproductive performance of gilts and sows

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Importance of Selected Nutrients and Additives in the Feed of Pregnant Sows for the Survival of Newborn Piglets

Importance of Selected Nutrients and Additives in the Feed of Pregnant Sows for the Survival of Newborn Piglets

Optimal protein concentration in diets for sows during the transition period

Standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of pregnant sows under commercial conditions

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