Effects of incubator oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations on hatchability of fertile eggs, some blood parameters, and histopathological changes of broilers with different parental stock ages in high altitude

Abstract

The effects of incubator carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) and oxygen ( O 2 ) concentrations with parental stock age ( PSA ) on embryonic deaths ( ED ), hatchability of fertile eggs ( HFE ), some blood parameters, and the tissue development of broilers were investigated. Four consecutive repetitions following the similar materials and methods were carried. From 3 different aged ROSS 308 broiler parental flocks 7,680 hatching eggs were obtained and classified as young (Y; 29 wk), middle (M; 37 wk) and old (O; 55 wk) as regards PSA, and randomly distributed. Four different incubator ventilation programs ( IVP ) as control ( C ; 0.67% CO 2 and 20.33% O 2 ), high CO 2 ( HC ; 1.57% CO 2 and 20.26% O 2 ), high O 2 ( HO ; 0.50% CO 2 and 21.16% O 2 ), and high CO 2 + O 2 ( HCO ; 1.17% CO 2 21.03% O 2 ) were applied with oxygen concentrator, and ED and HFE were investigated. Lung and heart tissues, hemoglobin value, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) values of the chicks were analyzed. It was found that IVP affected ED and HFE. Higher rate of early ED ( EED ) was obtained from the HC than HCO, and higher middle+late stage+pipped but unhatched ED ( MLPED ) with a lower rate of HFE was observed in the C group than HO and HCO ( P < 0.05). Association was found between PSA and IVP ( P < 0.05), being more evident in EED for young PSA, in MLPED with HFE for Y and O PSA. From hematological values, no statistical difference in RBC, PCV, and Hb values were found among the treatment groups, ACTH concentration known as a response to stress was found to be higher than C in all groups, triiodothyronine concentration was higher in the HO group than C. In the histopathological examination, used IVPs were found to have negative effects on the lung and heart such as vacuolization, hemorrhage in all PSA groups except for C. Conclusively, PSA and IVP affected some hatching, blood and tissue development parameters of the broiler chicks.

Influence of non-ventilating intervals during early incubation stage on egg hatching process

“…The significant improvement of hatchability percentages in NV groups, as shown in Table-2, can be explained in the light of embryonic mortality reduction, as shown in Table-1, and albumen pH reduction in NV groups (Figure -1), which was caused by the hypercapnia condition previously documented by Fares et al [17] and Decuypere et al [29]. Similar to our findings, Okur et al [30] indicated that increasing CO 2 concentrations during the first 10 days of incubation resulted in an improved hatchability percentage. In addition, De Smit et al [24] and Tona et al [31] revealed that the condition of NV at the beginning of the incubation might be the reason for the higher partial pressure of O 2 and CO 2 in the air cell which led to hatchability improvement.…”

“…Similar to our findings, Okur et al . [ 30 ] indicated that increasing CO 2 concentrations during the first 10 days of incubation resulted in an improved hatchability percentage. In addition, De Smit et al .…”

Characterization of the chicken melanocortin 5 receptor and its potential role in regulating hepatic glucolipid metabolism

“…The ACTH in the plasma was about 10 pg/ ml (~2.2 pmol/l) in 4-6 days chicks determined by a two-site sequential chemiluminescent immunometric assay (Gaston et al, 2017). The concentration of plasma ACTH was about 12 pg/ml in hatched chicks (Okur et al, 2022) and 7-18 pg/ml in threeweek-old male chicks from our recent study (Liu et al, 2022). There is little information on the circulating concentrations of chicken α-MSH, which is also known to be present in systemic circulation for regulating pigmentation (Ling et al, 2003) or lipolytic activity (Shipp et al, 2017) in different chicken tissues.…”

Effect of the Line and Age of Female Broiler Breeder on Hatchability Performance of Eggs

“…Its quality is an important factor to the poultry industry, due to reproductive and economic implications (Luquetti et al, 2004). The youngest hens lay eggs with thicker eggshells than those of older breeders, and, therefore, less oxygen is supplied to the embryos (Okur et al, 2022). The eggshell thickness decreases with advancing breeder age, because the egg size increases more quickly than the shell weight (Shafey, 2002), and because there is an increase in egg size, rather than calcium deposition in the eggshell (Kismiati et al, 2018).…”

“…In addition, broiler breeder age affects internal egg and eggshell quality characteristics (Nasri et al, 2020). Young breeders lay eggs with thicker eggshells than those of older breeders; therefore, less oxygen is supplied to the embryos (Okur et al, 2022), which may explain their slower development, and the lack of hatching of the eggs (Damaziak et al, 2021b). Failure of eggs to hatch is determined by two factors: infertility and embryonic mortality eRBCA-2022-1639 eRBCA-2022-1639 prior to, and during, incubation (Grochowska et al, 2019).…”