Effects of individual housing and stressor exposure upon the acquisition of watermaze escape

Wade, Stephen E.; Maier, Steven F.

doi:10.1016/0023-9690(86)90015-9

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Rats isolated in adulthood demonstrate spontaneous hyperactivity in open fields, increased locomotor response to systemic amphetamine administration, and increased timidity towards novel environments (Ahmed et al 1995). In addition, IH has been reported to impair water maze learning (Wade and Maier 1986). Similarly to IR, the effects of IH on endocrine systems are not consistent between the studies, with either increased (Lovely et al 1972), decreased (Miachon et al 1993) or similar basal corticosterone levels (Niesink and van Ree 1983;Giralt and Armario 1989) being reported.…”

Section: Social Isolationcontrasting

confidence: 42%

Environmental animal models for sensorimotor gating deficiencies in schizophrenia: a review

2001

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Rationale: In schizophrenia research, the study of animal models has received considerable attention in the past 20 years. The value of animal models in preclinical research is widely recognised, largely because they can provide precious knowledge regarding the neurobiology of schizophrenia and can also be used for developing antipsychotic drugs. Prepulse inhibition (PPI; reduction in startle reflex induced by a prestimulus) is impaired in schizophrenic patients, a finding that has been associated with a loss of sensorimotor gating abilities. In rats, the schizophrenic-like PPI deficit can be induced by pharmacological or surgical manipulations targeting mainly the cortico-meso-limbic circuitry. Objectives: The literature was critically reviewed in an effort to determine the robustness and the relevance for schizophrenia of another category of animal models, based purely on manipulations of the social environment, that encompasses the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Specifically, we focused our attention on the long-term effects of such environmental models on sensorimotor gating processes as assessed in the PPI paradigm, with an attempt to evaluate their face, predictive and construct validity. Results: Our review of the literature leads to the conclusion that social deprivation performed directly after weaning (~21 days of age) is more likely to be a relevant model for PPI impairments in schizophrenia than pre-weaning manipulations. Conclusions: Although the robustness of such environmental models requires further study, these animal models offer the advantage of avoiding invasive manipulations, which allows for a variety of anatomical, electrophysiological, neuroendocrine or neurochemical investigations in the absence of confounding pharmacological or surgical effects.

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Section: Social Isolationcontrasting

confidence: 42%

Environmental animal models for sensorimotor gating deficiencies in schizophrenia: a review

2001

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“…Isolation rearing is considered an animal model of chronic stress because it is an experience that is ecologically unnatural for this species (Moyer & Korn, 1965;Palanza, 2001;Sutanto & de Kloet, 1994). Thus, many studies have examined the effects of isolation on a variety of behaviors such as reactivity to a novel environment (Gentsch, Lichtsteiner, Kraeuchi, & Feer, 1982;Hall, Humby, Wilkinson, & Robbins, 1997b;Sahakian, Burdess, Luckhurst, & Trayhurn, 1982), social behavior (Brotto, Gorzalka, & Hanson, 1998;Van den Berg, van Ree, & Spruijt, 1999), and maze learning (Wade & Maier, 1986;Wongwitdecha & Marsden, 1996). Activity in a novel environment is one of the main measures used in these studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of isolation rearing on open‐field behavior in male rats depends on developmental stages

Arakawa

2003

Developmental Psychobiology

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The effects of the duration of isolation and age during isolation on open-field behavior in rats were examined. An inner wall divided the floor of the field into two areas, a peripheral alley and the center square, and the subjects' behavior in each area was measured. An increase in the tendency to avoid the center square was found in rats isolated during their juvenile stage, which disappeared if they were reared in pairs for a long period after isolation. On the other hand, subjects isolated during their postmaturity stage displayed an increased tendency to approach the center square whereas isolation during sexual maturity had no effect. The duration of isolation showed no consistent effect; rather, the effect depended on the age of the subjects during isolation. These findings suggest that isolation affects the open-field behavior of rats in various ways, depending on their age during isolation.

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“…However, the impoverishment effects were not more severe after 7 months, but even less easily detected. This is in contrast with the expectations, based on t~te report by Wade and Mater, that impoverishment for 2-3 weeks impaired Morris maze performance of rats without a lesion, and these deficits grew more severe as the period of impoverishment increased [28]. After long-term impoverished housing rats develop an array of behavioural changes, including, amongst others, increased aggression [ 14,26], high locomotor activity [112] and altered social behaviour [ 17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Impoverished housing for 2-3 weeks impaired the acquisition of the Morris maze spatial orientation task, but these effects were still reversible by a period of group housing, periodic exposure to loud noises or brief periods of physical restraint. However, as impoverishment lasted more than 3 weeks, the deficit grew more severe, and became increasingly harder to reverse [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term impoverished housing effects on morris maze performance after a fimbria lesion

Rijzingen

Doremalen

Gispen

et al. 1996

Behavioural Brain Research

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Male Wistar rats received bilateral Fimbria lesions and were postoperatively housed in either standard social conditions or in impoverished conditions (one rat per cage) for 2 weeks in experiment I, and for 7 months in experiment II. The effects of lesion and housing conditions wer,~ investigated in the Morris maze spatial orientation task. Fimbria lesions increased the latency to reach the platform during acquisition in both experiments, which indicates that functional recovery of the Morris maze impairment does not occur in 7 months time. Post-operative impoverishment for 2 weeks or for 7 months reduced the lesion induced deficit in Morris maze acquisition, while it had a more general effect in the trial without platform. Interestingly, the impoverishment effects were not more severe after 7 months, but even less easily detected. These findings are interpreted as if impoverishment affects the reactiveness of a~imals to external stimuli, which may help the animal to compensate for the lesion-induced-deficit in Morris maze learning.

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Effects of individual housing and stressor exposure upon the acquisition of watermaze escape

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Environmental animal models for sensorimotor gating deficiencies in schizophrenia: a review

Environmental animal models for sensorimotor gating deficiencies in schizophrenia: a review

The effects of isolation rearing on open‐field behavior in male rats depends on developmental stages

Long-term impoverished housing effects on morris maze performance after a fimbria lesion

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