EFFECTS OF INFESTATIONS BY THE CORN LEAF APHID, <i>RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS</i> (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON FIELD CORN IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

Foott, W. H.; Timmins, P. R.

doi:10.4039/ent105449-3

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Reduction in maize yield can be significant when the aphid population increase is accompanied by drought or stress. Foott and Timmins (1973) reported [90% yield loss in heavily infected, drought-stressed maize-largely due to tassel infestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Resistance to corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) in tropical corn (Zea mays L.)

Brewbaker

2009

Euphytica

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Corn leaf aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) are found throughout the year on maize in Hawaii and occasionally cause yield loss. Sweet corn inbred Hi38-71 was observed to have high field resistance to aphids and was chosen for this genetic study. An artificial infestation technique was developed using hair-pin clip cages (2.2 cm diameter) which we devised and built. The cages were applied to field-grown plants into which three wingless viviparous adults were placed. Aphid populations were classified on a 1-10 rating scale after about 2 weeks based on digital images of the cages. Mean aphid coverage ratings were 2.97 for the resistant parent and 7.28 for the susceptible parent (representing [200 insects per cage). The F 1 hybrids showed similar susceptibility (6.72), showing resistance to be recessive in nature. Six generations of the cross between Hi38-71 and susceptible inbred Hi27 were artificially infested to provide a generation mean analysis of 360 treated plants over two growing seasons. A joint scaling test showed that the fit to a 3-parameter additive-dominance model satisfactorily explained the observed variability with no assumed linkage or epistasis. We conclude that resistance to corn leaf aphid in Hi38-71 is conferred by a single recessive gene labeled aph. These results concur with a previous study under uncontrolled natural infestation in a single environment. The hair-pin clip cage method was most effective in distinguishing resistant and susceptible genotypes under diverse natural growing conditions in Hawaii.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Resistance to corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) in tropical corn (Zea mays L.)

Brewbaker

2009

Euphytica

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“…Severe infestation of this aphid can cause serious yield losses of cereals through feeding damage, tassel cover by honeydew (Everly, 1960;Foott and Timmins, 1973;Kantack, 1980, 1986;Bing et al, 1991), and viral infection (Blackman and Eastop, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature effects on life history traits of the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae) on corn in Taiwan

Kuo

Chiu

Perng

2006

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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The effects of temperature on the life history traits of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) were determined at 6, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35Ϯ1°C on corn leaves, Zea mays (L.). At 35°C, only a few nymphs survived and completed development, but all failed to reproduce. Total immature stages from birth to adult decreased as temperature increased from 51.7 d at 6°C to 5.2 d at 30°C, but became 8.0 d at 35°C. Overall immature development required 119.05 degree-days above 4.44°C. Adult longevity was as high as 26.7 d at 15°C, but significantly declined at 30 and 35°C. The average adult fecundity was as high as 45 offspring at 15 and 20°C, but dropped to 1.8 at 6°C and 8.6 at 30°C. In general, as temperatures increased, age-specific survivorship (l x ) declined more quickly, but age-specific fecundity (m x ) peaked earlier. At 25°C, the age-specific net maternity (v x ϭl x m x ) was the highest in the early reproductive period, resulting in the highest intrinsic rates of increase (r m ϭ0.329). At 20-30°C, the values of r m were significantly higher than those at lower temperatures. The results indicate that corn leaf aphids probably are better adapted in population growth to a wider range of high temperatures in warm regions.

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“…Corn leaf aphid infestation causes direct damage to maize plants by reducing growth and yield (Bing and Guthrie, 1991). Additionally, heavy accumulation of aphid honeydew on maize tassels can block pollen shed and thereby reduce seed set (Foott and Timmins, 1973;Carena and Glogoza, 2004). Indirect damage comes from the fact that the corn leaf aphid is the most effective vector of several plant viruses, including Maize yellow dwarf virus and Barley yellow dwarf virus, which are among the most economically important diseases of cereal crops and forage grasses (El-Muadhidi et al, 2001;Hawkes and Jones, 2005;Power et al, 2011;Jarošová et al, 2013;Krueger et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamic maize responses to aphid feeding are revealed by a time series of transcriptomic and metabolomic assays

et al. 2015

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(A.H.); 0000-0002-9675-934X (G.J.).As a response to insect attack, maize (Zea mays) has inducible defenses that involve large changes in gene expression and metabolism. Piercing/sucking insects such as corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) cause direct damage by acquiring phloem nutrients as well as indirect damage through the transmission of plant viruses. To elucidate the metabolic processes and gene expression changes involved in maize responses to aphid attack, leaves of inbred line B73 were infested with corn leaf aphids for 2 to 96 h. Analysis of infested maize leaves showed two distinct response phases, with the most significant transcriptional and metabolic changes occurring in the first few hours after the initiation of aphid feeding. After 4 d, both gene expression and metabolite profiles of aphid-infested maize reverted to being more similar to those of control plants. Although there was a predominant effect of salicylic acid regulation, gene expression changes also indicated prolonged induction of oxylipins, although not necessarily jasmonic acid, in aphid-infested maize. The role of specific metabolic pathways was confirmed using Dissociator transposon insertions in maize inbred line W22. Mutations in three benzoxazinoid biosynthesis genes, Bx1, Bx2, and Bx6, increased aphid reproduction. In contrast, progeny production was greatly decreased by a transposon insertion in the single W22 homolog of the previously uncharacterized B73 terpene synthases TPS2 and TPS3. Together, these results show that maize leaves shift to implementation of physical and chemical defenses within hours after the initiation of aphid feeding and that the production of specific metabolites can have major effects in maize-aphid interactions.

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EFFECTS OF INFESTATIONS BY THE CORN LEAF APHID, RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON FIELD CORN IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Resistance to corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) in tropical corn (Zea mays L.)

Resistance to corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) in tropical corn (Zea mays L.)

Temperature effects on life history traits of the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae) on corn in Taiwan

Dynamic maize responses to aphid feeding are revealed by a time series of transcriptomic and metabolomic assays

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