Effects of Ingestion of Warm, Cold and Frozen Water on Heat Balance in Cattle

Degen, A. A.; Young, Brian

doi:10.4141/cjas84-010

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In heat stressed animals, a severe decrease in the voluntary food intake is common (Alba and Sampaio 1957; Colditz and Kellaway 1972;Beede and Collier 1986). The very high water intake by the Frisian in thermal stress could have a positive effect by lowering the core temperature with a subsequent stimulus for ingestion (Lofgreen et al 1975;Degen and Young 1984;Blackshaw and Blachshaw 1994). On the other hand, Frisian heifers entered the experiment with a relatively low body weight (when compared to other animals of the same breed and age) and experienced an unexpected high daily body weight gain (0.610 kg), suggesting a compensatory growth under the mild thermal stress condition imposed by the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of thermal stress on physiological parameters, feed intake and plasma thyroid hormones concentration in Alentejana, Mertolenga, Frisian and Limousine cattle breeds

et al. 2007

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The aim of the present study was to assess the heat tolerance of animals of two Portuguese (Alentejana and Mertolenga) and two exotic (Frisian and Limousine) cattle breeds, through the monitoring of physiological acclimatization reactions in different thermal situations characterized by alternate periods of thermoneutrality and heat stress simulated in climatic chambers. In the experiment, six heifers of the Alentejana, Frisian and Mertolenga breeds and four heifers of the Limousine breed were used. The increase in chamber temperatures had different consequences on the animals of each breed. When submitted to heat stress, the Frisian animals developed high thermal polypnea (more than 105 breath movements per minute), which did not prevent an increase in the rectal temperature (from 38.7 degrees C to 40.0 degrees C). However, only a slight depression in food intake and in blood thyroid hormone concentrations was observed under thermal stressful conditions. Under the thermal stressful conditions, Limousine animals decreased food intake by 11.4% and blood triiodothyronine (T3) hormone concentration decreased to 76% of the level observed in thermoneutral conditions. Alentejana animals had similar reactions. The Mertolenga cattle exhibited the highest capacity for maintaining homeothermy: under heat stressful conditions, the mean thermal polypnea increased twofold, but mean rectal temperature did not increase. Mean food intake decreased by only 2% and mean T3 blood concentration was lowered to 85,6% of the concentration observed under thermoneutral conditions. These results lead to the conclusion that the Frisian animals had more difficulty in tolerating high temperatures, the Limousine and Alentejana ones had an intermediate difficulty, and the Mertolenga animals were by far the most heat tolerant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of thermal stress on physiological parameters, feed intake and plasma thyroid hormones concentration in Alentejana, Mertolenga, Frisian and Limousine cattle breeds

et al. 2007

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“…Cattle will tolerate the thermal stress of ingesting snow (Degen and Young 1984) and the only effect on animal weight may be during the initial period of adjustment (Degen and Young 1990b). In the present study, snow was generally always available although it may have been restricted to areas where it had drifted.…”

Section: Cattle Performancementioning

confidence: 82%

Protein supplementation to enhance the performance of pregnant cows on rough fescue grasslands in winter

Willms¹,

Rode²,

Freeze³

1998

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Willms, W. D., Rode, L. M. and Freeze, B. S. 1998. Protein supplementation to enhance the performance of pregnant cows on rough fescue grasslands in winter. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78: 89-94. Rough fescue grasslands are readily damaged with heavy grazing pressure in the summer but tolerate grazing in winter. In addition, these grasslands have physical and nutritive properties that make them favourable for winter grazing by cattle, which reduces the cost of winter feeding while preserving the integrity of the grasslands. This study was conducted on the rough fescue grassland to determine the impact of protein supplementation on pregnant Hereford cows and the effect of supplementation on forage intake. A secondary objective was to determine the winter quality of forage from this grassland as measured by crude protein (CP), phosphorus (P), and acid detergent fibre (ADF) of selected species. The study site was in the rough fescue grasslands at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Range Research Substation west of Stavely, AB. A canola based supplement (32% CP) with added minerals was fed to pregnant Hereford cows at four levels [0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 kg d -1 per animal] from 1 November to 31 January over 3 yr. Two animals were used in each of 12 paddocks (1.67 ha each) arranged in a randomized complete block design with three blocks. Cow weight and backfat were recorded before and after each feeding period. Forage biomass and feed intake were estimated by harvesting plots before and after grazing, and with the use of a non-destructive method based on measurements of individual plants that allowed estimates for each forage species. Cow weights were affected (P = 0.002) by supplementation. Cows receiving 0.4 kg d -1 supplement lost the most weight while cows receiving 0.8 or 1.2 kg d -1 lost the least. Backfat was not responsive to supplementation (P > 0.05). Rough fescue grasslands must be in good condition to be able to support winter grazing because rough fescue provides most of the forage utilized by cattle in winter. Nous voulions aussi établir la qualité hivernale de l'herbe de ces prairies d'après les teneurs en protéines brutes (PB), en phosphore (P) et en lignocellulose (FDA) de certaines des espèces composantes. L'expérience était réalisée dans les prairies à fétuque rude de la sous-station de recherches sur les parcours (Ministère de l'agriculture et de l'agroalimentaire du Canada) située à l'ouest de Stavely en Alberta. Un complément à base de colza canola (32 % PB) enrichi de minéraux était servi trois ans de suite aux vaches à quatre niveaux, soit 0, 0,4, 0,8 et 1,2 kg j -1 par animal du 1 er novembre au 31 janvier. Deux animaux étaient utilisés dans chacun des enclos de 1,67 ha, selon un dispositif expérimental en blocs aléatoires complets à 3 répétitions. Le poids des vaches et l'épaisseur du gras de couverture étaient mesurés avant et après chaque période d'affouragement. La biomasse de fourrage disponible et la biomasse consommée étaient estimées aux moyens de parcelles récoltées avant et après la période ...

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“…This was not the case with cattle which preferred water when given the same choice (Degen and Young 1984). However, domestic animals such as steers (Young and Degen 1980), pregnant cows (Degen and Young 1990a), sheep (Weeth et al 1959;Butcher 1973), lactating ewes (Degen and Young 1981), growing calves (Degen and Young 1990b) Butcher (1973) that the heat produced from the digestion of feed and the heat increment of feeding is more than adequate for this purpose.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%