Effects of inhaled acids on respiratory tract defense mechanisms.

Schlesinger, Richard B.

doi:10.1289/ehp.856325

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…For example, particles deposited in upper airways are cleared in 30 min from the trachea where as particles deposited in regions of the lung with ciliated epithelium are cleared in 24 hrs {Harada, 1985 #124}. Likewise, particles that reach the alveoli take even longer (days to weeks) to remove, since phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages is required before particles are cleared by way of the mucociliary escalator {Schlesinger, 1985 #123}. In a previous study focused on the effects of bronchoconstriction on particle deposition, the authors found differences in regional deposition of particles after induced bronchoconstriction, resulting in less deposition in the lower regions of the lung and faster particle clearance rates following bronchoconstriction {Svartengren, 1987 #250}.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of age and carbon black on airway resistance in mice

Bennett

Mitzner

Tankersley

2012

Inhalation Toxicology

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Rationale Ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with acute exacerbations of airflow obstruction. Additionally, elderly individuals are more susceptible to increased functional morbidity following acute PM exposure. Hypothesis/Objective The purpose of the current study is to determine the aging effects of PM exposure on the responsiveness of airway smooth muscle in mice. We hypothesized that airway reactivity induced by methacholine (Mch) will increase with age in PM exposed mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 (B6) mice at 11, 39, 67, and 96 wks of age were exposed to either carbon black (CB concentration ~550 µg/m3) or room air (RA) for 3 hours on 3 consecutive days. One day after the last exposure, mice were anesthetized and airways resistance (Raw) was measured using forced oscillation at baseline and 1 minute after increasing half-log doses (0.1 to 30 mg/ml) of aerosolized Mch. Results Baseline Raw was significantly lesser in mice at 39, 67, and 96 wks compared with 11-wk old mice (p < 0.05). In RA exposed mice, an age-dependent decline in Mch-induced airway reactivity occurred in association with the highest Mch doses at ages 67 and 96 wks (p < 0.05). CB exposure caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in Mch-induced Raw response in 67-wk old CB exposed mice compared with age-matched RA mice. Conclusion Our results show a progressive decrease in the Mch-induced Raw response with age in B6 mice. Overall, the effect of CB exposure resulted in significant increases in airway reactivity in middle-aged mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of age and carbon black on airway resistance in mice

Bennett

Mitzner

Tankersley

2012

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…Indeed, a study of laryngeal cancer incidence in this cohort has shown a significant excess [Steenland et al, 19881. Some of the smaller acid particles presumably do penetrate to the lung, and Schlesinger [1985] has discussed the ways they might damage respiratory tract defenses. It is possible that cigarette smoke enables more inhaled acid to penetrate to the lung.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further follow‐up and adjustment for smoking in a study of lung cancer and acid mists

Steenland

Beaumont

1989

American J Industrial Med

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Follow-up of a cohort of 1,165 steelworkers exposed to acid mists has been extended from 1981 to early 1986 for most cohort members, and information on smoking has also been collected. We obtained an SMR for lung cancer (unadjusted for smoking) of 1.56 (95% CI 1.12-2.11, 41 observed). For those with 20 years or more since first exposure, the SMR was 1.72 (1.21-2.39). However, no trend was found with duration of exposure. To adjust for smoking, we used an indirect adjustment as suggested by Axelson to account for the fact that the exposed cohort smoked slightly more than the U.S. referent population. The SMR for the whole cohort dropped to 1.36 (0.97-1.84), while for those with more than 20 years since first exposure, the SMR was 1.50 (1.05-2.07). These results indicate that an excess risk for lung cancer persists after control for confounding by smoking.

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“…Ultimately such injury could impede airway defenses. Furthermore, Schlesinger (23) presented preliminary evidence that a 1-hr exposure of rabbits to 1000 ,ug/m3 H2SO4 produced a response at the cellular level. Elevated numbers of neutrophils persisted in lavaged lung fluid and the sulfuric acid exposure altered the performance of in vitro phagocytosis.…”

Section: Critiquementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of inhaled acid aerosols on lung mechanics: an analysis of human exposure studies.

Utell¹

1985

Environ Health Perspect

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There exist significant gaps in our understanding of human health effects from inhalation of pollutants associated with acid precipitation. Controlled clinical studies examine effects of criteria pollutants almost exclusively by assessing changes in lung mechanics. One constituent of acid precipitation, sulfuric acid aerosols, has been shown to induce bronchoconstriction in exercising extrinsic asthmatics at near ambient levels. These asthmatics may be an order of magnitude more sensitive to sulfuric acid aerosols than normal adults. More recently, a second component nitrogen dioxide has been observed to provoke changes in lung mechanics at progressively lower concentrations. To date, virtually no data exist from clinical exposures to acidic aerosols for subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Effects of inhaled acids on respiratory tract defense mechanisms.

Cited by 31 publications

References 76 publications

The effects of age and carbon black on airway resistance in mice

The effects of age and carbon black on airway resistance in mice

Further follow‐up and adjustment for smoking in a study of lung cancer and acid mists

Effects of inhaled acid aerosols on lung mechanics: an analysis of human exposure studies.

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