Effects of injection pressure on the flame front growth in an optical direct injection spark ignition engine

Lu, Yen‐Shen; Morris, Scott L.; Kook, Sanghoon

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118848

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The identified structure, determined through this comprehensive search process, is composed as follows (Figure 8): The encoder section begins with an input layer accepting grayscale images of dimensions (512, 512, 1). It subsequently employs 2D convolutional layers with 3 × 3 filters and increasing depth (16,8,4) to extract hierarchical features. CNNs, or Convolutional Neural Networks, represent a deep learning The comparison between the binarized images derived from the proposed algorithm and the target ones is quantitatively assessed using evaluation metrics [27].…”

Section: Procedures To Determine the Architecture Of The Proposed Aut...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These conditions, characterized by low luminosity, notably hinder the recognition of combustion evolution, particularly in capturing the early stages of flame development. Moreover, the opacity of the images, caused by the accumulation of residues on the piston head together with reflections from objects inside the combustion chamber, complicates the observation process, intensifying the haze effect with each cycle [8]. The challenges in successfully detecting the physical aspects of flame front evolution therefore require robust and advanced techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Flame front Detection in Combustion Processes Using Autoencoder Approach

Ricci,

Mariani

2024

Energies

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This research explores the detection of flame front evolution in spark-ignition engines using an innovative neural network, the autoencoder. High-speed camera images from an optical access engine were analyzed under different air excess coefficient λ conditions to evaluate the autoencoder’s performance. This study compared this new approach (AE) with an established method used by the same research group (BR) across multiple combustion cycles. Results revealed that the AE method outperformed the BR in accurately identifying flame pixels and significantly reducing overestimations outside the flame boundary. AE exhibited higher sensitivity levels, indicating its superior ability to identify pixels and minimize errors compared to the BR method. Additionally, AE’s accuracy in representing combustion evolution was notably improved, offering a more detailed depiction of the process. AE’s strength lies in its independence from specific threshold searches, a requirement in the BR method. By relying on learned representations within its latent space, AE eliminates laborious threshold exploration, ensuring reliability and reducing workload pressures. Comparative analyses consistently confirmed AE’s superior performance in accurately reproducing and delineating combustion evolution compared to BR. This study highlights AE’s potential as a promising technique for precise flame front detection in combustion processes. Its ability to autonomously extract features, minimize errors, and enhance overall accuracy signifies a significant step forward in analyzing flame fronts. AE’s reliability, reduced need for manual intervention, and adaptability across various conditions suggest a promising future for improving combustion analysis techniques in spark-ignition engines with optical access.

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Section: Procedures To Determine the Architecture Of The Proposed Aut...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Flame front Detection in Combustion Processes Using Autoencoder Approach

Ricci,

Mariani

2024

Energies

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Enhanced spray-wall interaction model for port fuel injection under medium load conditions

Hamid,

Kunwar

2024

J Therm Anal Calorim

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This study presents an Eulerian-Lagrangian framework for the numerical analysis of spray dynamics, with a focus on droplet movement, spray-wall interactions, and the effects of varying injection parameters associated with port fuel injection (PFI) system. A grid-independent criterion is introduced to optimize mesh analysis for accurate predictions of fuel penetration length. The size distribution of secondary droplets is described using a probability density function, and statistical optimization is subsequently implemented to estimate their mean size. This probabilistic approach enhances the Lagrangian wall film (LWF) model, leading to accurate predictions of the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) at a given radial width ($$R_\text{{w}}$$ R w ), with results closely matching experimental data. For $$8.0 ~\text {mm} \le R_\text{{w}} \le 24.0 ~\text {mm}$$ 8.0 mm ≤ R w ≤ 24.0 mm , the maximum SMD of 21.67 $$\mu$$ μ m corresponds to $$R_\text{{w}} = 14.0, \text {mm}$$ R w = 14.0 , mm , while the smallest SMD of 12.68 $$\mu$$ μ m is computed for a radial position of $$R_\text{{w}} = 24.0 ~\text {mm}$$ R w = 24.0 mm . The numerical investigation quantifies the role of spray-wall interactions in determining the trajectory of fuel distribution, particularly in the formation of wall films and the relative spatio-temporal diesel concentration (F/A) %. The study explores aspects such as droplet size variations, heat transfer during evaporation, and film behavior under different injection pressures, providing insights into the multiphysical characteristics of spray-wall systems. Near the impingement site ($$2.0 ~\text {mm} \le R_\text{{w}} \le 4.0 ~\text {mm}$$ 2.0 mm ≤ R w ≤ 4.0 mm ), the plume height ($$H_\text{{w}}$$ H w ) slightly decreases with an increase in injection pressure. While the CFD methodology in this current work has been primarily developed for automotive engineering sector (PFI engines), it also has potential applications in areas such as additive manufacturing, hydropower engineering, climate science, and environmental engineering.

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Influence of fuel injection parameters at low-load conditions in a partially premixed combustion (PPC) based heavy-duty optical engine

Goyal,

Panthi,

Almanashi

et al. 2023

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Effects of injection pressure on the flame front growth in an optical direct injection spark ignition engine

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Advanced Flame front Detection in Combustion Processes Using Autoencoder Approach

Advanced Flame front Detection in Combustion Processes Using Autoencoder Approach

Enhanced spray-wall interaction model for port fuel injection under medium load conditions

Influence of fuel injection parameters at low-load conditions in a partially premixed combustion (PPC) based heavy-duty optical engine

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