Effects of input energy and impactor shape on cranial fracture patterns

Isa, Mariyam I.; Fenton, Todd W.; Goots, Alexis C.; Watson, Elena O.; Vaughan, Patrick E.; Wei, Feng

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111859

Forensic Science International

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111859

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Effects of input energy and impactor shape on cranial fracture patterns

Mariyam I. Isa,

Todd W. Fenton,

Alexis C. Goots

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 1 publication

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Injury Risk Functions for the Midsized Male Wrist and Elbow as a Result of Behind Shield Blunt Trauma

de Lange,

Burrows,

Quenneville

2024

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Ballistic shields protect users from a variety of threats, including projectiles. Shield back-face deformation (BFD) is the result of the shield deflecting or absorbing a projectile and deforming towards the user. Back-face deformation can result in localized blunt loading to the upper extremity, where the shield is supported by the user. Two vulnerable locations along the upper extremity were investigated - the wrist and elbow - on eight post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) using a pneumatic impacting apparatus for investigating the fracture threshold as a result of behind shield blunt trauma (BSBT). Impacting parameters were established by subjecting an augmented WorldSID Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) positioned behind a ballistic shield to ballistic impacts. These data were used to form the impact parameters applied to PMHS, where the wrist most frequently fractured at the distal radius and the elbow most frequently fractured at the radial head. The fracture threshold for the wrist was 5,663 ± 1,386 N (mean ± standard deviation), higher than the elbow at 4,765 ± 894 N (though not significantly, p = 0.15). The failure impact velocity for wrist impacts was 17.7 ± 2.1 m/s, while for the elbow, the failure impact velocity was 19.5 ± 0.9 m/s. An approximate 10% risk of fracture threshold was identified on the modified WorldSID ATD to inform a protective standard, where measured impacts less than 10.8 kN at the wrist and 12.5 kN at the elbow would be considered effective at limiting injury from BSBT.

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Injury Risk Functions for the Midsized Male Wrist and Elbow as a Result of Behind Shield Blunt Trauma

de Lange,

Burrows,

Quenneville

2024

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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Effects of input energy and impactor shape on cranial fracture patterns

Cited by 1 publication

References 37 publications

Injury Risk Functions for the Midsized Male Wrist and Elbow as a Result of Behind Shield Blunt Trauma

Injury Risk Functions for the Midsized Male Wrist and Elbow as a Result of Behind Shield Blunt Trauma

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