Effects of inspiratory muscle training on time-trial performance in trained cyclists

Romer, Lee M.; McConnell, Alison; Jones, David A.

doi:10.1080/026404102760000053

Cited by 179 publications

(250 citation statements)

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“…As expected, following the IMT, the global IM function of both groups improved significantly. For example, P 0 , increased by an average of 23%, which is similar to changes observed using identical IMT in previous randomised, placebocontrolled trials (21,25). Global CM function, as assessed by the SEPT, also improved in response to IMT, and the change was correlated with the improvement in P 0 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“Functional” Inspiratory and Core Muscle Training Enhances Running Performance and Economy

Tong

McConnell

Lin

et al. 2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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We compared the effects of two 6-week high-intensity interval training interventions.Under the control condition (CON), only interval training was undertaken, whilst under the intervention condition (ICT), interval training sessions were followed immediately by core training, which was combined with simultaneous inspiratory muscle training -'functional'IMT. Sixteen recreational runners were allocated to either ICT or CON groups. Prior to the intervention phase, both groups undertook a 4-week programme of 'foundation' IMT to control for the known ergogenic effect of IMT [30 inspiratory efforts at 50% maximal static inspiratory pressure (P 0 ) per set, 2 sets. and core muscle functions increased in both groups (P<0.05), as evidenced by P 0 and a sportspecific endurance plank test performance (SEPT), respectively. Compared to CON, the ICT group showed larger improvements in SEPT, running economy at the speed of the OBLA, and 1-hr running performance (3.04% vs 1.57%, P<0.05). The changes in these variables were inter-individually correlated (r≥0.57, n=16, P<0.05). Such findings suggest that the addition of inspiratory-loaded core conditioning into a high-intensity interval training program augments the influence of the interval program upon endurance running performance, and that this may be underpinned by an improvement in running economy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“Functional” Inspiratory and Core Muscle Training Enhances Running Performance and Economy

Tong

McConnell

Lin

et al. 2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…The 30% reduction in RPD during volitional hyperpnoea following IMT concurs with observations made during whole body exercise (Romer et al 2002a;Volianitis et al 2001) and isolated breathing challenges (Verges et al 2007;Verges et al 2009). Whilst the breathing challenge was identical following IMT the lower relative load on the inspiratory muscles, due to a greater force generating capacity (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Inspiratory muscle training abolishes the blood lactate increase associated with volitional hyperpnoea superimposed on exercise and accelerates lactate and oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise

2011

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We examined the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) upon volitional hyperpnoea-mediated increases in blood lactate ([lac -] B ) during cycling at maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) power, and blood lactate and oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise. Twenty males formed either an IMT (n=10) or control group (n=10).Before and after a 6-wk intervention two 30 min trials were performed at MLSS (207  28 W), which was determined using repeated 30 min constant power trials. The first was a reference trial, whereas during the second trial from 20-28 min participants mimicked the breathing pattern commensurate with 90% of the maximal minute

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“…In addition, most of the studies have not used a placebo group, rendering the findings difficult to interpret. More recent studies have used reliable and externally valid outcome measures (i.e., simulated time-trial performance) in conjunction with a placebo-controlled experimental design, and most (46,55,104,137), but not all (117), findings from such studies indicate that respiratory muscle training has a small but likely significant effect on endurance exercise performance.…”

Section: Overcoming the Respiratory Limitations To Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-induced respiratory muscle fatigue: implications for performance

Romer

Polkey²

2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Romer LM, Polkey MI. Exercise-induced respiratory muscle fatigue: implications for performance. J Appl Physiol 104: 879 -888, 2008. First published December 20, 2007 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01157.2007.-It is commonly held that the respiratory system has ample capacity relative to the demand for maximal O 2 and CO2 transport in healthy humans exercising near sea level. However, this situation may not apply during heavy-intensity, sustained exercise where exercise may encroach on the capacity of the respiratory system. Nerve stimulation techniques have provided objective evidence that the diaphragm and abdominal muscles are susceptible to fatigue with heavy, sustained exercise. The fatigue appears to be due to elevated levels of respiratory muscle work combined with an increased competition for blood flow with limb locomotor muscles. When respiratory muscles are prefatigued using voluntary respiratory maneuvers, time to exhaustion during subsequent exercise is decreased. Partially unloading the respiratory muscles during heavy exercise using low-density gas mixtures or mechanical ventilation can prevent exercise-induced diaphragm fatigue and increase exercise time to exhaustion. Collectively, these findings suggest that respiratory muscle fatigue may be involved in limiting exercise tolerance or that other factors, including alterations in the sensation of dyspnea or mechanical load, may be important. The major consequence of respiratory muscle fatigue is an increased sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow to working skeletal muscle through a respiratory muscle metaboreflex, thereby reducing limb blood flow and increasing the severity of exerciseinduced locomotor muscle fatigue. An increase in limb locomotor muscle fatigue may play a pivotal role in determining exercise tolerance through a direct effect on muscle force output and a feedback effect on effort perception, causing reduced motor output to the working limb muscles. respiratory muscles; exercise; diaphragm; abdominals; magnetic stimulation; metaboreflex THE PURPOSE OF THIS MINIREVIEW is to address the question of whether the respiratory demands of exercise contribute significantly toward exercise limitation, either directly through limitations of the respiratory muscle pump or indirectly through effects on limb blood flow and locomotor muscle fatigue. We describe the mechanical and metabolic costs of meeting the ventilatory requirements of exercise. We then ask whether the respiratory muscles fatigue with exercise, what factors contribute to any such fatigue, and what the implications of these factors are for exercise tolerance. Finally, we deal with the potential mechanisms by which respiratory muscle fatigue could compromise exercise tolerance and whether it is possible to overcome this potential respiratory limitation. Our review focuses on the healthy young adult exercising near sea level. However, we also consider special circumstances that determine the balance between metabolic demand and respiratory system capacity in the highly trained endurance ...

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Effects of inspiratory muscle training on time-trial performance in trained cyclists

Cited by 179 publications

References 1 publication

“Functional” Inspiratory and Core Muscle Training Enhances Running Performance and Economy

“Functional” Inspiratory and Core Muscle Training Enhances Running Performance and Economy

Inspiratory muscle training abolishes the blood lactate increase associated with volitional hyperpnoea superimposed on exercise and accelerates lactate and oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise

Exercise-induced respiratory muscle fatigue: implications for performance

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