Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training With Progressive Loading on Respiratory Muscle Function and Sports Performance in High-Performance Wheelchair Basketball Athletes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training associated with interval training on respiratory muscle strength and fatigue and aerobic physical performance (PP) in high-performance wheelchair basketball athletes. Methods: Blinded, randomized clinical trial with 17 male wheelchair basketball players, randomized into control group (CG; n = 8) and training group (TG; n = 9). Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated by measuring maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP), aerobic PP by the Yo-Yo test for wheelchair, and recovery of inspiratory muscle fatigue was assessed at 1, 5, 10, and 15 minutes after exercise test. TG performed inspiratory muscle training protocol with incremental loading for 12 weeks with 50%, 60%, and 70% of MIP, while CG performed with load 15% of MIP. Results: After training period, CG presented a significant increase in MIP and MEP (P ≤ .05), with no change in aerobic PP (P ≥ .05). TG showed a significant increase for all variables (≤.05). MIP showed a large effect size for CG (1.00) and TG (1.35), while MEP showed a moderate effect for CG (0.61) and TG (0.73); distance covered had a moderate effect size for TG (0.70). For recovery of inspiratory muscle strength, CG did not present differences, while TG recovered in 10 minutes (≤.05), representing 87% of the pretest value. Positive and significant correlation between MIP and distance (.54; P ≤ .05) was observed. Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle training protocol with progressive loading was more effective for increasing aerobic PP and maximal inspiratory strength recovery.

Effects of different inspiratory muscle warm-up loads on mechanical, physiological and muscle oxygenation responses during high-intensity running and recovery

“…A small hole (2 mm) was introduced in the rigid mouthpiece in order to prevent glottic closure. The participants were instructed to complete three to five acceptable and reproducible maximum maneuvers (i.e., differences of 10% or less between values), with 1 min interval between maneuvers 43 , 44 . Each inspiratory effort was sustained for at least 1 s, and the MIP was considered the highest value between these attempts 45 .…”

Sequential analysis of the construction of shots in wheelchair basketball and efficiency by player classification level

“…Currently, wheelchair basketball is one of the adapted sports studied by researchers from different fields such as: physiology (Antonelli et al, 2020;Barboza et al, 2019;Conners et al, 2020;Feter et al, 2018;Galea et al, 2018;Marzsalek et al, 2019;Peters et al, 2020), biomechanics (de Witte et al, 2016;Marjolaine et al, 2018;Sasadai et al, 2020;Zacharakis, 2020), medicine (Hollander et al 2020), motor skills (Maksym et al 2018;de Witte et al, 2018), psychology (Qasim et al, 2019;Yeats et al, 2019), or sociology (Molik et al, 2017).…”

Complex Network Model Reveals the Impact of Inspiratory Muscle Pre-Activation on Interactions among Physiological Responses and Muscle Oxygenation during Running and Passive Recovery

“…Tong and Fu [ 22 ] had already observed the impacts of acute inspiratory load in the recovery process, but they used other parameters and a conventional statistical analysis. Moreover, recovery benefits have been observed after the application of the IM training, confirming the relationship between the efficiency of respiratory muscles and post-exercise recovery [ 2 , 5 ]. Here, by the simplest and most popular measure of centrality, the impacts of IM PA were confirmed.…”

“…Inspiratory muscles (IM) are essential for performing physical effort at different intensities [ 1 ], as well as for maintaining the quality of post-exercise recovery [ 2 , 3 ]. Aiming to improve respiratory muscle efficiency, specific respiratory muscle training has been the target of many investigations in sports performance [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] and has been used as a procedure to boost the physical capacity and physiological state of active individuals [ 9 , 10 ] and patients [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. With long-term training, IM showed positive adaptations, such as the reduction of the respiratory metaboreflex mechanism, which contributes to the redirection of blood flow to more active muscles during physical effort [ 14 , 15 ].…”