Effects of International Fuel Trade on Global Sulfur Dioxide Emissions

Zhong, Qirui; Shen, Huizhong; Yun, Xiao; Chen, Yilin; Ren, Yu’ang; Xu, Hui; Shen, Guofeng; Ma, Jianmin; Tao, Shu

doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00617

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The combustion of hard coal and oil accounted for 78% of the global total emission. Note that these important SO2 sources were strongly influenced by the international fuel trade, which was detailed in a previous study 18 . Developing countries showed a larger share (68%) of emissions from coal combustion than developed countries (47%).…”

Section: Global Emissions and Source Profiles In 2014mentioning

confidence: 84%

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Global Sulfur Dioxide Emissions and the Driving Forces

Zhong

Shen

Yun

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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112

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The presence of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the air is a global concern because of its severe environmental and public health impacts. Recent evidence from satellite observations shows fast changes in the spatial distribution of global SO2 emissions, but such features are generally missing in global emission inventories that use a bottom-up method due to the lack of up-to-date information, especially in developing countries.Here, we rely on the latest data available on emission activities, control measures, and emission factors to estimate global SO2 emissions for the period 1960-2014 on a 0.1° × 0.1° spatial resolution. We design two counterfactual scenarios to isolate the contributions of emission activity growth and control measure deployment on historical SO2 emission changes. We find that activity growth has been the major factor driving global SO2 emission changes overall, but control measure deployment is playing an increasingly important role. With effective control measures deployed in developed countries, the predominant emission contributor has shifted from developed countries in the early 1960s (61%) to developing countries at present (83%). Developing countries show divergency in mitigation strategies and thus in SO2 emission trends.Stringent controls in China are driving the recent decline in global emissions. A further reduction in SO2 emissions would come from a large number of developing nations that currently lack effective SO2 emission controls.

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Section: Global Emissions and Source Profiles In 2014mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…A EF =ǻ for SO2, detailed in a previous study 18 . This EF dataset considered the effects of both international fuel trade on country-specific sulfur contents and control measures (e.g., flue gas desulfurization or FGD, sulfur removal from petroleum refinery) 18 .…”

Section: Emismentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Sulfur Dioxide Emissions and the Driving Forces

Zhong

Shen

Yun

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

112

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“…A large body of literature has been published on the factors affecting SO 2 emissions from different perspectives. The existing literature proves that there is a close relationship between socioeconomic and demographic factors and SO 2 pollution, such as economic growth, industrialization level, energy consumption, foreign direct investment, international trade, government environmental regulations, urbanization, and some meteorological factors such as wind speed and direction [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. This paper focuses on the impact of LCPC on SO 2 emissions from heavy polluters with the entry point of SO 2 emissions from heavy polluters, which is a useful supplement to existing studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Carbon Governance, Fiscal Decentralization and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment with Chinese Heavy Pollution Enterprises

Guo

Kuang

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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This paper investigates the effects of enterprise environmental governance under low-carbon pilot policies in China with a difference in differences (DID) design. In examining the development of these policies, we focus on exploring their effects on sulfur dioxide emissions of heavily polluting enterprises based on prefectural city- and firm-level data. Overall, the policies significantly increased enterprise sulfur dioxide emission, and the underlying reason being that investments in carbon dioxide emissions control crowded out investment in sulfur dioxide emission control in enterprises in low-carbon pilot regions. We also find that the implementation of low-carbon pilot policies resulted in greater sulfur dioxide emission from state-owned enterprises and enterprises in western regions than from non-state-owned enterprises and those in eastern regions. It is further found that fiscal decentralization and the associated mediating effect of market segmentation promote enterprises’ carbon dioxide emissions control and inhibit their sulfur dioxide emission control. This study helps us re-examine the overall environmental effects of low-carbon policies and has implications for the revision and improvement of environmental governance policies in developing countries.

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“…The sulfide oxidation was initiated with the addition of an equimolar amount of 30% H 2 O 2 (aq) (6.7 μL, 2.0 mg, 5.9 × 10 −2 mmol) and followed at 30 °C for the Hammett plots. This concentration of 1 meant that only one scan was necessary to yield a suitable 1 H NMR with typical delays of 1−2 min. Temperaturedependent studies were done with VT-NMR for the Eyring plots.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fossil fuel combustion, which is the mainstay energy source for the immediate future, inevitably yields SO x emissions . Such sulfur emissions lead to environmental pollutions such as acid rain and smog .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfide Oxidation by 2,6-Bis[hydroxyl(methyl)amino]-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinatodioxomolybdenum(VI): Mechanistic Implications with DFT Calculations for a New Class of Molybdenum(VI) Complex

et al. 2021

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Sulfide oxidation is accomplished by a new class of dioxomolybdenum(VI) catalyst (1) that uses the tridentate 2,6-bis[hydroxyl(methyl)amino]-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine ligand to form a five-coordinate molybdenum(VI) center. Resonance Raman spectra show that the dioxo groups on the Mo(VI) oxygens readily exchange with water in an acetonitrile media that allows 18O labeling of catalyst 1. The model oxidation reaction was the conversion of thioanisole (2) to the corresponding sulfoxide with 4% of 1 using an equimolar amount of H2O2 in MeCN-d 3. Oxygen-18 labeling experiments with either 18O-labeled 1 or 18O-labeled H2O2 are consistent with a sulfide oxygenation pathway that uses a η1-Mo(OOH) hydroxoperoxyl species (3). The hypothesized intermediate 3 is initially formed in a proton transfer reaction between 1 and H2O2. Oxidation is hypothesized via nucleophilic attack of the sulfide on 3 that is supported from a Hammett linear free-energy relationship for para-derivatives of 2. A Hammett reactivity constant (ρ) of −1.2 ± 0.2 was obtained, which is consistent with other ρ values found in prior sulfide oxidation reactions by group 6 complexes. An Eyring plot of the 2 oxidation by 1 gives an E a of 63.0 ± 5.2 kJ/mol, which is slightly higher than that of a similar oxidation of 2 by the molybdenum(VI) complex, oxodiperoxo (pyridine-2-carboxylato)molybdate(VI) bis(pyridine-2-carboxylic acid) monohydrate (5). Computational modeling with density functional theory (DFT) of the complete reaction profile gave enthalpy and entropy of activations (64 kJ/mol and −120 J/mol·K, respectively) within 1 standard deviation of the experimental values, further supporting the hypothesized mechanism.

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Effects of International Fuel Trade on Global Sulfur Dioxide Emissions

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Global Sulfur Dioxide Emissions and the Driving Forces

Global Sulfur Dioxide Emissions and the Driving Forces

Low-Carbon Governance, Fiscal Decentralization and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment with Chinese Heavy Pollution Enterprises

Sulfide Oxidation by 2,6-Bis[hydroxyl(methyl)amino]-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazinatodioxomolybdenum(VI): Mechanistic Implications with DFT Calculations for a New Class of Molybdenum(VI) Complex

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