Effects of intestinal microbiota on physiological metabolism and pathogenicity of Vibrio

Abstract

Vibrio species are disseminated broadly in the marine environment. Some of them can cause severe gastroenteritis by contaminating seafood and drinking water, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio vulnificus. However, their pathogenic mechanism still needs to be revealed to prevent and reduce morbidity. This review comprehensively introduces and discusses the common pathogenic process of Vibrio including adhesion, cell colonization and proliferation, and resistance to host immunity. Vibrio usually produces pathogenic factors including hemolysin, type-III secretion system, and adhesion proteins. Quorum sensing, a cell molecular communication system between the bacterial cells, plays an important role in Vibrio intestinal invasion and colonization. The human immune system can limit the virulence of Vibrio or even kill the bacteria through different responses. The intestinal microbiota is a key component of the immune system, but information on its effects on physiological metabolism and pathogenicity of Vibrio is seldom available. In this review, the effects of intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites on the invasion and colonization of common pathogenic Vibrio and VBNC status cells are discussed, which is conducive to finding the next-generation prebiotics. The strategy of dietary intervention is discussed for food safety control. Finally, future perspectives are proposed to prevent Vibrio infection in aquaculture.

Vibrio cholerae Invasion Dynamics of the Chironomid Host Are Strongly Influenced by Aquatic Cell Density and Can Vary by Strain

“…However, significantly higher densities (up to 10 14 CFU/mL) have also been reported in regions of cholera endemicity with heavy human activity, such as the Dhaleshwari River in Bangladesh and aquaculture ponds ( 71 ). Additionally, some scientists believe that V. cholerae is more abundant than estimated due to its ability to transition into the viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state under unfavorable field conditions, where it remains metabolically active but does not grow on standard microbiological media ( 72 – 74 ).…”

Integration of microbiome and Koch’s postulates to reveal multiple bacterial pathogens of whitish muscle syndrome in mud crab, Scylla paramamosain

“…paramamosain belong to Shewanella and Vibrio . Shewanella and Vibrio are disseminated broadly in marine ecosystems, and some of their species are associated with severe diseases for animal and human [ 30 , 31 ]. S .…”

“…These six bacterial species which could cause WMS in S. paramamosain belong to Shewanella and Vibrio. Shewanella and Vibrio are disseminated broadly in marine ecosystems, and some of their species are associated with severe diseases for animal and human [30,31]. S. putrefaciens and S. xiamenensis infections are associated with anguillicolosis in Anguilla Anguilla [32], while V. alginolyticus [33], V. parahaemolyticus [34], and V. fluvialis [35] cause necrosis, HPNS, and white feces syndrome in Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Litopenaeus vannamei, and Penaeus monodon, respectively.…”

Identification of Promoter Activity in Gene-Less Cassettes fromVibrionaceaeSuperintegrons

“…The Vibrionaceae family comprises bacteria that are ubiquitously distributed throughout aquatic environments and includes important pathogens. V. cholerae is the causative agent of Cholera disease, that still causes approximately 100,000 deaths worldwide annually 40 ; while V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus cause acute gastroenteritis, wound necrosis and/or sepsis in humans due to contaminated water or seafood consumption 41,42 . A notable characteristic of the Vibrionaceae family is the presence of large SCIs in their genomes, carrying a highly diverse repertoire of ICs 43,44 .…”