Effects of intragastric hyperosmolal solutions on gastric functions

Harper, A. A.; Reed, J. D.; Smy, J R

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009174

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…2A) was similar to that observed between H+ loss and instilled pH when no NaF was present in the instilled solution, but more acid was lost at any one pH value under the influence of NaF. A similar increased H+ loss at any one pH value has been observed under the influence of hyperosmolal solutions (Harper, Reed & Smy, 1970). This evidence alone indicated the possibility that in non-stimulated stomachs NaF solutions, as seemed likely with hyperosmolal solutions, enhanced a H+ loss mechanism in the non-fluoride exposed stomach which was not associated with a Na+ exchange.…”

Section: Non-acid Secreting Stomachssupporting

confidence: 82%

The effcts of sodium fluoride on gastric acid and electrolyte output in the anaesthetized cat.

Reed¹,

Smy²

1980

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The possibility of a Na+/H+ exchange mechanism in the presence of NaF (Bond & Hunt, 1956) has been studied in acid secreting and non-acid secreting stomachs of anaesthetized cats.2. In non-acid secreting stomachs, although H+ loss and Na+ gain were both pH related, there was no constant relationship between the two.3. The H+ loss in non-acid secreting stomachs could not account for the H+ loss in histamine stimulated stomachs.4. In acid secreting stomachs the Na+ or neutral Cl-gain was only of the order of 50% of the H+ loss, and, in the presence of isosmolal NaNO3, NaF produced the same reduction in H+ but with a markedly suppressed gain in neutral chloride. 5. The NaF induced reduction in H+ output was accompanied by reductions in the total Cl-output, the K+ output and the mucosal blood flow.6. It is concluded that the reduction in H+ output from histamine stimulated stomachs is largely a result of inhibition of secretion.

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Section: Non-acid Secreting Stomachssupporting

confidence: 82%

The effcts of sodium fluoride on gastric acid and electrolyte output in the anaesthetized cat.

Reed¹,

Smy²

1980

The Journal of Physiology

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“…As shown in a recent study, acid secretion of the in vitro frog fundic mucosa also decreased markedly after exposure to 1 M NaCI [27], Rehm et al [18] observed that hypertonic solutions of 2-4 M NaCI and NaNOi decreased histamine-stimulated acid secretion in chambered portions of rat fundic mucosa with intact blood supply. Harper et al [9] showed that gastric installation of hy perosmolar glycine and mannitol solutions (383-1,095 mosm kg-1) reduced acid secre tion in response to histamine and gastrin in cats. Rollin et al [20] have found that hyper osmotic glucose added to the mucosal side of isolated chambered rat fundic mucosa caused a marked reduction of acid secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Blood Flow and Acid Secretion Associated with Damage and Restitution of the Gastric Surface Epithelium in Cats

Dzienis¹,

Grönbech²,

Varhaug³

et al. 1987

Eur Surg Res

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The gastric mucosa of anesthetized cats was exposed to 2 M NaCl for 10 min. After returning to gastric perfusion with 150 mM/NaCl and pH 7.40, with and without pentagastrin stimulation, transmucosal potential difference decreased to zero and then gradually increased to approximately half the original value during the following 90 min. H⁺ secretion decreased and remained close to zero after exposure to 2 M NaCl in nonstimulated cats, whereas pentagastrin-stimulated secretion gradually increased to nearly half the preexposure level. Mucosal blood flow increased, and the vascular resistance decreased in the posterior wall of the stomach corresponding to epithelial damage, as observed by light microscopy after 15 min. Blood flow during pentagastrin stimulation was initially high in fundus and corpus and did not increase further after exposure to 2 M NaCl, but showed similar changes as without pentagastrin in the antrum. Epithelial restitution occurred within 90 min during both nonstimulated conditions and pentagastrin stimulation. In control animals subjected to 150 mM NaCl there were no changes in transmucosal potential difference, H⁺ secretion, or blood flow throughout the experiment and epithelial damage was not found. In conclusion, damage caused by 2 M NaCl to the gastric surface epithelium was associated with decreased acid secretion and increased mucosal blood flow. These factors may contribute to creating favorable conditions for the epithelial restitution, indicated by restoration of transmucosal potential difference and observed by light microscopy.

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“…The concept of a hydrogen ion chemoreceptor in the duodenum is in no way antagonistic to the findings of Hunt and Knox [1969]. Apart from the fact that their work was on the gastric emptying of unanaesthetized man, and not on the nerve responses in the duodenum of anaesthetized rabbits, it has been shown that acid in the stomach can evoke nervous [Iggo, 1957;Williams and Forrest, 1969], humoral [Shimizu et al, 1958;Elwin, 1968] and local cellular responses [Harper, Reed and Smy, 1970], and as gastric emptying is possibly controlled by several mechanisms, direct comparison of the two studies would appear to be impossible.…”

Section: Differentiation Of Elicited From Spontaneous Action Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptors, Activated by Acid, in the Duodenal Wall of Rabbits

Andrews

1971

Exp Physiol

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In anaesthetized rabbits, the effect of introducing acid into the lumen of the duodenum on the frequency of action potentials in the afferent nerves was investigated. Hydrochloric acid, 0.1 and 0 05 M, and acid sodium citrate, buffered with hydrochloric acid to a pH of less than 2, induced action potentials in the distal portions of cut mesenteric nerves coming from the part of the duodenum exposed to the acid. Two types of response were noted from the upper part of the duodenum. One consisted of an intense volley of action potentials beginning almost immediately and lasting for about 15 sec. The other response was less intense; it reached its maximum in about 30 sec and lasted for periods of at least 90 sec. It is postulated that there are two types of nerve receptor in the wall of the duodenum of rabbits which may be stimulated by acid in the lumen, and evidence is presented in favour of the suggestion that the concentration of hydrogen ions is the important factor. The relationship of acid in the duodenum to inhibition of gastric secretion is discussed.Some text books of clinical medicine, for example Bailey and Love [1968], state that there are nervous receptors in the walls of the duodenum, stimulated by a high concentration of hydrogen ions and which cause inhibition of gastric secretion. Indirect evidence in favour of such receptors is strong though it is likely that hormonal inhibitors also exist [Konturek, 1970]. Code and Watkinson [1955] reviewed the literature on the presence of nerve receptors and produced further evidence that vagal receptors are present in the dog. Hunt and Knox [1962] demonstrated that when a buffer with a low pH is introduced into the duodenum, there is a delay of gastric emptying in man, and it would seem that the concentration of hydrogen ions, acting on the receptors postulated by Code and Watkinson, provided the stimulus to delay gastric emptying. In a later paper, however, Hunt and Knox [1969] relate the effect on gastric emptying to the amount of titratable acid, rather than the pH of the gastric contents.Receptors which give rise to action potentials when stimulated by a high hydrogen ion concentration have been demonstrated in the wall of the stomach of the cat by Iggo [1957], but the definitive proofofthe presence of such receptors in the duodenum does not appear to have been published. Although it is difficult to interpret the data collected by various authors except by postulating duodenal 'hydrogen ion receptors' it seemed desirable to see whether the introduction of acid into the duodenum would result in afferent nerve impulses. A preliminary report of the study has been published [Andrews and Andrews, 1970]. METHODS Basically, the method was to introduce acid into the lumen of the duodenum and to measure the number of afferent impulses in the distal portions of cut mesenteric nerves 221

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Effects of intragastric hyperosmolal solutions on gastric functions

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

The effcts of sodium fluoride on gastric acid and electrolyte output in the anaesthetized cat.

The effcts of sodium fluoride on gastric acid and electrolyte output in the anaesthetized cat.

Regional Blood Flow and Acid Secretion Associated with Damage and Restitution of the Gastric Surface Epithelium in Cats

Receptors, Activated by Acid, in the Duodenal Wall of Rabbits

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