Effects of intravenous administration of caffeine on physiologic variables in exercising horses

Ferraz, Guilherme de Camargo; Neto, Antônio Raphael Teixeira; Mataqueiro, M. I.; Neto, J. C. Lacerda; Queiroz-Neto, A.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.69.12.1670

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This could potentially be explained by behavioral/emotional factors presented by some fillies. For example, nervousness and difficult handling/management associated with the anticipatory effect of exercise can increase the production of catecholamines, which induce liver and muscle glycolysis/glycogenolysis and have the potential to raise lactate production [33]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intense Exercise and Aerobic Conditioning Associated with Chromium or L-Carnitine Supplementation Modified the Fecal Microbiota of Fillies

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies performed in humans and rats have reported that exercise can alter the intestinal microbiota. Athletic horses perform intense exercise regularly, but studies characterizing horse microbiome during aerobic conditioning programs are still limited. Evidence has indicated that this microbial community is involved in the metabolic homeostasis of the host. Research on ergogenic substances using new sequencing technologies have been limited to the intestinal microbiota and there is a considerable demand for scientific studies that verify the effectiveness of these supplements in horses. L-carnitine and chromium are potentially ergogenic substances for athletic humans and horses since they are possibly able to modify the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. This study aimed to assess the impact of acute exercise and aerobic conditioning, associated either with L-carnitine or chromium supplementation, on the intestinal microbiota of fillies. Twelve “Mangalarga Marchador” fillies in the incipient fitness stage were distributed into four groups: control (no exercise), exercise, L-carnitine (10g/day) and chelated chromium (10mg/day). In order to investigate the impact of acute exercise or aerobic conditioning on fecal microbiota all fillies undergoing the conditioning program were analyzed as a separate treatment. The fillies underwent two incremental exercise tests before and after training on a treadmill for 42 days at 70–80% of the lactate threshold intensity. Fecal samples were obtained before and 48 h after acute exercise (incremental exercise test). Bacterial populations were characterized by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the MiSeq Illumina platform, and 5,224,389 sequences were obtained from 48 samples. The results showed that, overall, the two most abundant phyla were Firmicutes (50.22%) followed by Verrucomicrobia (15.13%). The taxa with the highest relative abundances were unclassified Clostridiales (17.06%) and "5 genus incertae sedis" from the phylum Verrucomicrobia (12.98%). There was a decrease in the phylum Chlamydiae and in the genus Mycobacterium after the second incremental exercise test. Intense exercise changed the community’s structure and aerobic conditioning was associated with changes in the composition and structure of the intestinal bacterial population of fillies. The intra-group comparison showed that chromium or L-carnitine induced moderate changes in the fecal microbiota of fillies, but the microbiota did not differ from the control group, which was exercised with no supplementation. Fecal pH correlated positively with Simpson’s index, while plasma pH correlated negatively. Our results show that exercise and aerobic conditioning can change in the microbiota and provide a basis for further studies enrolling a larger number of horses at different fitness levels to better understand the effects of exercise and training on the intestinal microbiota of horses.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intense Exercise and Aerobic Conditioning Associated with Chromium or L-Carnitine Supplementation Modified the Fecal Microbiota of Fillies

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Theophylline has been used as a bronchodilator in patients suffering from obstructive pulmonary diseases, while caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant . In a recent study, Ferraz et al . confirmed performance‐enhancing effects in exercising horses after intravenous (i.v.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of methylxanthines in the competition horse: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies on caffeine, theobromine and theophylline for the assessment of irrelevant concentrations

Machnik

Kaiser²,

Koppe³

et al. 2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methylxanthines positives in competition samples have challenged doping control laboratories and racing jurisdictions since methylxanthines are naturally occurring prohibited substances and often constituents of feed. For theobromine, an international threshold (renamed in International Residue Limit, IRL) of 2 µg/mL in urine has been established. On the basis of the data presented herein, a threshold or rather an IRL for theobromine in plasma of 0.3 µg/mL was proposed and was thereupon approved by the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA). Official recommendations for reporting caffeine and theophylline are still lacking. The aim of the study was to investigate IRLs for theobromine in blood and for caffeine and theophylline in blood and urine. Therefore, a set of six administrations were carried out including both single i.v. and single oral administrations of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. Plasma and urine concentrations were determined using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Applying the Toutain model approach an effective plasma concentration (EPC) of caffeine was estimated at 3.05 µg/mL, irrelevant concentrations in blood (IPC) and urine (IUC) approached 6 and 12 ng/mL, respectively. EPC of theobromine was calculated with 3.80 µg/mL, and irrelevant concentrations of theobromine were determined at 8 ng/mL in plasma and at 142 ng/mL in urine. Toutain modelling of the theophylline data produced an EPC, IPC, and IUC of 3.20 µg/mL, 6 ng/mL, and 75 ng/mL, respectively. The obtained irrelevant concentrations were used to postulate IRLs for theobromine in plasma and for caffeine and theophylline in plasma and urine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

“…11 Caffeine improved the performance of adult racing horses during short periods of intense exercise, but was of no benefit when used to stimulate ventilation in foals. [7][8][9] Other methylxanthines, such as theophylline, may show better utility in general or in specific species. Theophylline can reverse the respiratory depressant effects of adenosine and hypoxic ventilatory depression in isocapnic mechanically ventilated cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Caffeine has a favorable drug profile in human neonatology, as it has a high therapeutic index, a relatively long half‐life (allowing once‐daily administration), and is affordable 6 . The respiratory effects of caffeine have been investigated in horses, foals, neonatal piglets, and preterm lambs, with varying results 7–11 . In cats, caffeine has only been used in the research setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of caffeine as a respiratory stimulant in a cat

Kennedy

Wayne

Rozanski

2022

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To report the use of caffeine as a respiratory stimulant in a cat with hypoventilation.Case summary: A cat was mechanically ventilated due to persistent hypercapnia (P et CO 2 > 75 mm Hg) following median sternotomy and thymectomy. After 3 days of mechanical ventilatory support, the cat would initiate breaths but failed weaning due to persistent hypercapnia. Following administration of intravenous caffeine (total 12 mg/kg over 24 h), respiratory and mental status rapidly improved. The cat was subsequently extubated and able to maintain PvCO 2 < 50 mm Hg. The cat was later diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Quality of life 13 months after discharge was reported as excellent by her owner.New or unique information provided: Caffeine may be considered as a respiratory stimulant in cats with hypoventilation.

show abstract

Effects of intravenous administration of caffeine on physiologic variables in exercising horses

Abstract: IV administration of caffeine at 5 mg/kg improved the performance of Arabian horses during intense exercise of short duration and diminished the oxidative metabolism of glucose.

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Intense Exercise and Aerobic Conditioning Associated with Chromium or L-Carnitine Supplementation Modified the Fecal Microbiota of Fillies

Intense Exercise and Aerobic Conditioning Associated with Chromium or L-Carnitine Supplementation Modified the Fecal Microbiota of Fillies

Control of methylxanthines in the competition horse: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies on caffeine, theobromine and theophylline for the assessment of irrelevant concentrations

The use of caffeine as a respiratory stimulant in a cat

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About