Effects of intravenous infusion of potassium chloride on potassium and sodium excretion and on the rate of urine formation in the cow

Renal excretion of potassium in the sheep

“…The delay was reduced but not abolished when additional loads ofK were given by rumen fistula. Anderson & Pickering (1962) found that intravenous infusion of KCI in the cow produced a marked rise in K excretion within the first 30 min collection period. In later experiments on sheep in this laboratory we have found that KCI or potassium acetate infused by portal-vein catheter produced a rise in K excretion within 15-20 min.…”

“…Anderson (1961) observed a diuresis in cattle subjected to the discomfort of arterial puncture during continuous collection of urine by an indwelling urethral catheter and found that repeated K EXCRETION IN SHEEP experiments on the same cows produced a form of conditioned diuresis associated with the preliminary procedure of clipping, swabbing and anaesthetizing the site of puncture. It is possible that the diuresis seen in our experiments was related to the laboratory and experimental conditions described.…”

“…Anderson & Pickering (1962) reported the effects on renal electrolyte excretion of intravenous loads of KCl in the cow.…”

Renal Excretion of Potassium and Acid by Sheep

“…THERE is convincing evidence from studies in man, rat and dog that the renal tubule is able to secrete potassium and that distal regions of the nephron may be important in this process [Black and Emery, 1957;Pitts et al, 1958; Sullivan et al, 1960;Berliner, 1961]. Tubular secretion of potassium has also been shown in cattle [Anderson and Pickering, 1962] and in sheep [Scott, 1969b] in response to intravenous infusion of potassium salts.Sheep normally consume in their diet amounts of potassium which are considerably in excess of requirement and the surplus is largely excreted in an alkaline urine [Ward, 1966;Dewhurst and Harrison, 1967; Beal and BudzOlsen, 1968; Dewhurst, Harrison and Keynes, 1968;Scott, 1969a].Berliner [1961] in studies with man and dog suggested that potassium may compete with hydrogen ions in the tubular cell in an exchange for sodium ions in the tubular urine; conditions favouring the accumulation of potassium in the cell lead to the excretion of an alkaline urine rich in potassium while accumulation of hydrogen ion in the cell favours an acid urine.Sheep made acidotic through the infusion of hydrochloric acid into the rumen were shown in previous observations [Scott, 1969b] to be able to excrete appreciable loads of acid and potassium in the urine, a large proportion of the acid appearing as ammonia. It seemed possible that excretion of potassium may have limited the rate of formation of titratable acidity in the urine but the relationship between acid excretion and potassium intake was not examined.…”

“…THERE is convincing evidence from studies in man, rat and dog that the renal tubule is able to secrete potassium and that distal regions of the nephron may be important in this process [Black and Emery, 1957;Pitts et al, 1958;Sullivan et al, 1960;Berliner, 1961]. Tubular secretion of potassium has also been shown in cattle [Anderson and Pickering, 1962] and in sheep [Scott, 1969b] in response to intravenous infusion of potassium salts.…”