Effects of ionic liquids and dual curing on vat photopolymerization process and properties of 3d-printed ionogels

Nechausov, Sergey; Ivanchenko, Anna V.; Morozov, Oleg S.; Miriyev, Aslan; Must, Indrek; Platnieks, Oskars; Jurinovs, Maksims; Gaidukovs, Sergejs; Aabloo, Alvo; Kovač, Mirko; Bulgakov, Boris A.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2022.102895

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The resulting actuator achieved great peak-to-peak deformation, shown in Figure b and Video S1. The generated average strain of 10 deformation cycles was 0.68 ± 0.02%, which is on par with similar actuators composed of petroleum-based electrodes …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…To demonstrate the applicability in advanced use cases, developed biobased electrodes were used to fabricate fully 3D printed soft-robotic actuators in combination with previously reported ionogel membranes. 50 The 3D printed soft robotic actuator (40 × 5 mm) comprised a 200 μm-thick single-layer ionogel membrane that was compressed between two 60 μm-thick single-layer biobased electrodes. SEM images in Figure 6a evaluate the connection quality between biobased electrodes and ionogel membranes.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, they are known to reduce the cross-linking efficiency in UV-curable formulations. 50 As a result, Figure 9 shows 3Dprinted biobased electrode densities and cross-linking densities (a), sol fraction and double bond conversion rate (DBC%) (b), thermal stability (c), and dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) Cole−Cole plot (d). These results help to evaluate the influence of SWCNT and IL on the macromolecular chain network of the 3D printed samples.…”

Section: Acs Appliedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three Dimensionally Printed Biobased Electrodes: Ionic Liquid and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrids in a Vegetable Oil Matrix for Soft Robotics

Jurinovs

Barkāne

Platnieks

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The field of conductive polymer composites has been growing rapidly in recent years due to the increased demand for cutting-edge applications, such as sensors, soft robots, and other high-tech devices. Despite developing some biobased components, biobased solutions that yield working prototypes are still lacking. Herein, a method for making highly biobased, electroconductive, and 3D printable composites (electrodes) is presented. A formulation composed of acrylate-functionalized rapeseed oil (70 wt %) with the addition of a photoinitiator, reactive monomer, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (ionic liquid (IL)), and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) is reported. The proposed approach eliminates the use of solvents. Combining IL with SWCNTs resulted in highly conductive (up to 38 S m–1) biobased electrodes. The in-depth conductivity analysis was done through impedance spectroscopy, 4-point resistivity, and electroconducting atomic force microscopy. The prepared resins enable the creation of complex structures with exceptional precision and accuracy, thoroughly evaluated with optical and scanning electron microscopy. Biobased electrodes created by 3D printing have mechanical qualities like stretchability and flexibility, which make them a suitable replacement for traditional electrodes in soft robotics and flexible sensors. Furthermore, a fully 3D-printed soft-robotic actuator with performance comparable to that of commonly used petroleum-based alternatives was developed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acs Appliedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three Dimensionally Printed Biobased Electrodes: Ionic Liquid and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrids in a Vegetable Oil Matrix for Soft Robotics

Jurinovs

Barkāne

Platnieks

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…The hightemperature tolerance of SFIG3 is a result of the fluorinated P(AA-co-HFBA) backbone and the excellent thermal stability of [BMIM][BF 4 ]. 40 The glass transition temperatures (T g ) of the SFIGs were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in Figure 4g to evaluate the antifreeze performance of the SFIGs. There was only one T g per SFIG sample, indicating that there was no phase separation occurring within the SFIG.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the G ′ and G ″ values declined as the temperature rose, indicating that the network structure was less physically cross-linked at a higher temperature. The high-temperature tolerance of SFIG3 is a result of the fluorinated P(AA- co -HFBA) backbone and the excellent thermal stability of [BMIM][BF 4 ] . The glass transition temperatures ( T g ) of the SFIGs were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in Figure g to evaluate the antifreeze performance of the SFIGs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible-Light Transparent, Ultrastretchable, and Self-Healable Semicrystalline Fluorinated Ionogels for Underwater Strain Sensing

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The development of ultrastretchable ionogels with a combination of high transparency and unique waterproofness is central to the development of emerging skin-inspired sensors. In this study, an ultrastretchable semicrystalline fluorinated ionogel (SFIG) with visible-light transparency and underwater stability is prepared through one-pot copolymerization of acrylic acid and fluorinated acrylate monomers in a mixed solution of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and fluorinated ionic liquids. Benefiting from the formation of the PEO-chain semicrystalline microstructures and the abundant noncovalent interactions (reversible hydrogen bonds and ion–dipole interactions) in an ionogel, SFIG is rendered with room-temperature stable cross-linking structures, providing high mechanical elasticity as well as high chain segment dynamics for self-healing and efficient energy absorption during the deformation. The resultant SFIG exhibits excellent stretchability (>2500%), improved mechanical toughness (7.4 MJ m–3), and room-temperature self-healability. Due to the high compatibility and abundance of hydrophobic fluorinated moieties in the ionogel, the SFIG demonstrates high visible-light transparency (>97%) and excellent waterproofness. Due to these unique advantages, the as-prepared SFIG is capable of working as an ultrastretchable ionic conductor in capacitive-type strain sensors, demonstrating excellent underwater strain-sensing performances with high sensitivity, large detecting range, and exceptional durability. This work might provide a straightforward and efficient method for obtaining waterproof ionogel elastomers for application in next-generation underwater sensors and communications.

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Polymer electrolytes based on PEO and lithium tetraalkoxyborate salts with ionic liquid properties for lithium-based batteries

Czerwiński,

Słojewska,

Monikowska

et al. 2024

Appl. Phys. A

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The development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with improved safety features is crucial due to the inherent risks associated with liquid electrolytes, such as fires, explosions, and leakage. This study explores the potential of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and lithium tetraalkoxyborate salts (LiTAB) with ionic liquid properties as a safer alternative. Ionic liquids (ILs) are examined for their high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, and excellent thermal stability, despite their high synthesis costs and viscosity challenges. The study proposes the use of a novel LiTAB salt with an oligomeric star-shaped anion structure that reduces mobility, enhancing lithium ion transference numbers. This IL serves as both a lithium salt and an active plasticizer in PEO-based SPEs, offering potential for 3D printing applications. Experimental results demonstrate that these electrolytes exhibit favorable rheological properties, high ionic conductivities, and significant lithium ion transference numbers, addressing the key limitations of conventional PEO-based electrolytes. The findings suggest that incorporating these LiTAB salts in SPEs could significantly enhance the safety and performance of LIBs, particularly for applications in miniaturized consumer electronics and electronic implants.

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Effects of ionic liquids and dual curing on vat photopolymerization process and properties of 3d-printed ionogels

Cited by 11 publications

References 60 publications

Three Dimensionally Printed Biobased Electrodes: Ionic Liquid and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrids in a Vegetable Oil Matrix for Soft Robotics

Three Dimensionally Printed Biobased Electrodes: Ionic Liquid and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrids in a Vegetable Oil Matrix for Soft Robotics

Visible-Light Transparent, Ultrastretchable, and Self-Healable Semicrystalline Fluorinated Ionogels for Underwater Strain Sensing

Polymer electrolytes based on PEO and lithium tetraalkoxyborate salts with ionic liquid properties for lithium-based batteries

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