Effects of ionizing radiation and preservation on biomechanical properties of human costal cartilage

Martinho, Antonio C.; Claro, Ana Paula Rosifini Alves; Pino, Eddy S.; Machado, Luci Diva Brocardo; Herson, Marisa Roma; Santin, S. P.; Mathor, Mônica Beatriz

doi:10.1007/s10561-012-9306-4

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…According to ISO 11137 [43] a typical or standard sterilization dose is placed within 15 and 25 kGy with most products sterilised by radiation nowadays being validated for such doses. However, there is evidence in literature that irradiation doses of 25 kGy may change the chemical structure of certain compounds [50], which we herein demonstrated not to hold true in the case of β-alanine, even at doses up to 40 kGy.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

The molecular structure of β-alanine is resistant to sterilising doses of gamma radiation

et al. 2019

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β-alanine is the rate-limiting point for the endogenous synthesis of carnosine in skeletal muscle. Carnosine has a wide range of implications for health, normal function and exercise performance. Whilst the physiological relevance of carnosine to different tissues remains enigmatic, β-alanine administration is a useful strategy to investigate the physiological roles of carnosine in humans. Intravenous administration of β-alanine is an interesting approach to study carnosine metabolism. However, sterilisation is mandatory due to the nature of the administration route. We evaluated whether sterilising doses of gamma radiation damages the molecular structure and leads to the loss of functional characteristics of β-alanine. Pure β-alanine was sterilised by gamma radiation in sealed glass vials using a 60Co multipurpose irradiator at a dose rate of 8.5 kGy.hour-1 totalising 10, 20, 25 30 and 40 kGy. The molecular integrity was assessed by X-ray Diffraction and changes in content were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UV-HPLC) and Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (HPLC/MS-MS). Sterility assurance was evaluated by inoculation assay. To examine whether functional properties were preserved, β-alanine was infused in one participant, who rated the level of paraesthesia on the skin using a 0–3 scale. Urinary β-alanine was quantified before and 24-h following β-alanine infusion using HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS. Irradiation resulted in no change in the crystal structure of β-alanine, no degradation, and no new peaks were identified in the dose range assayed. The inoculation assay showed the absence of viable microorganisms in all β-alanine samples, including those that did not undergo irradiation. Intravenous infusion of β-alanine resulted in paraesthesia and it detected in the urine as per normal. We conclude that gamma radiation is a suitable technique for the sterilisation of β-alanine. It does not lead to degradation, damage to the β-alanine structure, content or loss of function within the evaluated irradiation conditions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

The molecular structure of β-alanine is resistant to sterilising doses of gamma radiation

et al. 2019

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“…In contrast to other studies on hyaline cartilages that show high water content (up to 85%), in this work, cartilages have showed an average of 42 wt % water content [50]. It is reasonably plausible that a given donor can present different water content within the body parts due to natural dehydration.…”

Section: Tp1contrasting

confidence: 75%

Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of Human Nasal Cartilage

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to undergo a comprehensive analysis of the thermo-mechanical properties of nasal cartilages for the future design of a composite polymeric material to be used in human nose reconstruction surgery. A thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in tension and compression modes within the ranges 1 to 20 Hz and 30 °C to 250 °C was performed on human nasal cartilage. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as characterization of the nasal septum (NS), upper lateral cartilages (ULC), and lower lateral cartilages (LLC) reveals the different nature of the binding water inside the studied specimens. Three peaks at 60–80 °C, 100–130 °C, and 200 °C were attributed to melting of the crystalline region of collagen matrix, water evaporation, and the strongly bound non-interstitial water in the cartilage and composite specimens, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the degradation of cartilage, composite, and subcutaneous tissue of the NS, ULC, and LLC take place in three thermal events (~37 °C, ~189 °C, and ~290 °C) showing that cartilage releases more water and more rapidly than the subcutaneous tissue. The water content of nasal cartilage was estimated to be 42 wt %. The results of the DMA analyses demonstrated that tensile mode is ruled by flow-independent behaviour produced by the time-dependent deformability of the solid cartilage matrix that is strongly frequency-dependent, showing an unstable crystalline region between 80–180 °C, an amorphous region at around 120 °C, and a clear glass transition point at 200 °C (780 kJ/mol). Instead, the unconfined compressive mode is clearly ruled by a flow-dependent process caused by the frictional force of the interstitial fluid that flows within the cartilage matrix resulting in higher stiffness (from 12 MPa at 1 Hz to 16 MPa at 20 Hz in storage modulus). The outcomes of this study will support the development of an artificial material to mimic the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the natural cartilage of the human nose.

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“…21 Martinho et al demonstrated that variations in preparation and irradiation dose significantly alter the biochemical properties of costal cartilage, and Donald et al postulated that the variation in resorption rates may be due to the physical properties of the cartilage based on the radiation dose at each institution, with high-dose radiation being associated with significantly less stiffness. 42,43 AlloWash-XG used at this institution is sterilized with low-dose radiation in a chamber, exposing tissue to a range of 15 to 18 kGy at low temperature (–80°C, dry ice temperature) to reduce free radical formation. It has been found that irradiation levels <18 kGy have the lowest risk of clinical failure and need for revision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suh et al performed a large retrospective review of 323 patients and found complications rates for irradiated homologous costal cartilage of 1.2% resorption and 0.6% warping, with most complications occurring for septal extension grafts 21 . Martinho et al demonstrated that variations in preparation and irradiation dose significantly alter the biochemical properties of costal cartilage, and Donald et al postulated that the variation in resorption rates may be due to the physical properties of the cartilage based on the radiation dose at each institution, with high‐dose radiation being associated with significantly less stiffness 42 , 43 . AlloWash‐XG used at this institution is sterilized with low‐dose radiation in a chamber, exposing tissue to a range of 15 to 18 kGy at low temperature (–80°C, dry ice temperature) to reduce free radical formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of Cadaveric Allograft versus Autologous Cartilage Graft in Functional Septorhinoplasty

Saadi

Loloi

Schaefer

et al. 2019

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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Objective Our goal was to elucidate the efficacy and outcome profile of cadaveric allografts (homograft costal cartilage) in functional septorhinoplasty as compared with autografts (quadrangular cartilage, conchal cartilage, and autologous costal cartilage). Study Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Otolaryngology division of the Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. Subjects and Methods A chart review of a single surgeon’s practice was conducted with Current Procedural Terminology codes for septorhinoplasty (30410, 30420, 30430, 30435, 30450, 30465) from August 1, 2014, to August 1, 2017. All patients underwent functional septorhinoplasty for a chief complaint of nasal obstruction. Outcomes were collected up to 12 months following the operation and included the validated Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), infection rate, malposition/warping of the graft, need for revision surgery, and graft loss. Results A total of 171 cases were included in our data analysis. On multivariate analysis, there were no significant differences between patients who had autografts and those who had allografts in 3-, 6-, or 12-month postoperative NOSE score. Preoperative NOSE score was the only covariate to demonstrate a significant positive relationship to postoperative NOSE score. Regarding outcomes between autograft and allograft, no significant differences were found in rate of graft resorption (3.4% vs 5.6%, P = .680), graft warping (3.4% vs 0%, P = .309), infection (0% vs 1.9%, P = .316), or need for revision surgery (4.3% vs 5.6%, P = .709). Conclusion Autologous grafting is often the first choice in septorhinoplasty because of its presumed resistance to infection and resorption. Similar to autologous grafts, allografts are resistant to infection and resorption and demonstrate prolonged efficacy following functional septorhinoplasty.

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Effects of ionizing radiation and preservation on biomechanical properties of human costal cartilage

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

The molecular structure of β-alanine is resistant to sterilising doses of gamma radiation

The molecular structure of β-alanine is resistant to sterilising doses of gamma radiation

Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of Human Nasal Cartilage

Outcomes of Cadaveric Allograft versus Autologous Cartilage Graft in Functional Septorhinoplasty

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