Effects of irradiation and leukoreduction on down-regulation of CXCL-8 and storage lesion in stored canine whole blood

Abstract

White blood cells (WBCs) and storage period are the main factors of transfusion reactions. In the present study, cytokine/chemokine concentrations after leukoreduction (LR) and irradiation (IR) in stored canine whole blood were measured. Red blood cell storage lesion caused by IR and LR were also compared. Blood samples from 10 healthy Beagles were divided into four groups (no treatment, LR-, IR-, and LR + IR-treated). Leukocytes were removed by filtration in the LR group and gamma radiation (25 Gy) was applied in the IR group. Immunologic factors (WBCs, interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 [CXCL-8], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and storage lesion factors (blood pH, potassium, and hemolysis) were evaluated on storage days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Compared to the treated groups, IL-6 and CXCL-8 concentrations during storage were significantly higher in the control (no treatment) group. LR did not show changes in cytokine/chemokine concentrations, and storage lesion presence was relatively mild. IR significantly increased CXCL-8 after 14 days of storage, but IR of leukoreduced blood did not increase CXCL-8 during 28 days of storage. Storage lesions such as hemolysis, increased potassium, and low pH were observed 7 days after IR and storage of blood, regardless of LR. IR of leukoreduced blood is beneficial to avoid immune reactions; however, storage lesions should be considered upon storage.

Evaluation of cytokine concentrations in a trehalose‐stabilised lyophilised canine platelet product: a preliminary study

“… 40–42 Compared with the study by Corsi and others, 40 the CXCL8 concentrations in the lyophilised platelets were similar to non-leukoreduced red blood cell units stored for ≥28 days, while the TNFα concentrations were 10-fold lower than in non-leukoreduced units and threefold lower than in leukoreduced units. Compared with the study by Yang and others, 42 the CXCL8 concentrations in the lyophilised platelets are lower than in red blood cell units stored for ≥14 days, while all TNFα concentrations were below the assay’s detectable range. In all non-leukoreduced units in the Purcell study, 41 the CXCL8 concentrations were greater than in the lyophilised platelet units in the present study.…”

“…Comparisons with stored red blood cell units might enable assessment of the potential clinical relevance of the cytokine concentrations measured in the lyophilised platelet units. Several groups have assessed the cytokine concentrations of stored canine red blood cells, with and without leukoreduction 40–42. Compared with the study by Corsi and others,40 the CXCL8 concentrations in the lyophilised platelets were similar to non‐leukoreduced red blood cell units stored for ≥28 days, while the TNFα concentrations were 10‐fold lower than in non‐leukoreduced units and threefold lower than in leukoreduced units.…”

Effects of leukoreduction on storage lesions in whole blood and blood components of dogs

“…In our survey, the IL‐8 median concentration remained at low levels in LR WB and LR pRBC units, during all the storage period, while an increasing trend was observed in nLR units. Similarly, previous studies found that leukoreduction prevented IL‐8 accumulation in canine pRBC, while it significantly increased in nLR units during storage 36,39,40 . Even though IL‐8 has no direct pyrogenic effects, it has been speculated that the passive inoculation of cytokines might have a synergistic effect on the cytokine network of critically ill patients, contributing to the systemic inflammatory response 41 .…”

“…In a previous study, IL-6 concentration was higher in canine WB than in LR or irradiated WB at every storage time, but it did not increase in a time-dependent manner, while TNFα was under the detection limit in all the groups. 36 A significant increase in aPTT values and a simultaneous decrease in fibrinogen, factors VII, VIII, and IX concentration were observed in WB between T0 and T35. No significant differences were observed between WB at T0 and FFP, as well as between WB at T35 and FFP, demonstrating that, contrary to a common belief, the WB maintains good levels of clotting factors during all the storage period, including those considered more labile factors.…”

Clinical Case of a Transfusion-Associated Canine Mycoplasma haemocanis Infection in the Republic of Korea: A Case Report

“…M. haemocanis was not considered because its existence has been unclear in Korea. In-house leukoreduced-packed RBC from the donor was prepared using a closed collection and filter system (Blood Bag with RBC Filter and Safety DDA Plus 3 Quadruple 400 ml; Tae-Chang Industrial, Daegu, Korea) [4]. The mPCV of the recipient dog was 36% after the blood transfusion.…”